Smokable rod for a cigarette

ABSTRACT

A smokable rod for a smoking article, such as a cigarette, possesses a co-axial or concentric construction. A longitudinally extending inner core of tobacco cut filler is positioned within a smokable rod. The outer material that circumscribes the inner core in an annular fashion is composed of a tobacco material treated with a burn suppressing agent, and the outer material acts as a substrate for an aerosol forming material. A preferred aerosol forming material is glycerin. An outer paper wrapper circumscribes the length of the smokable rod, and another paper wrapping material also can circumscribe the inner core material. In use, one end of the smokable rod is lit, and the tobacco cut filler of the inner core burns to yield tobacco smoke. The outer material smolders, and hence thermal decomposition products of the outer tobacco material and volatilized aerosol forming material are produced. When the opposite end of the smokable rod is drawn upon, an aerosol composed of tobacco smoke, thermal decomposition products of tobacco, and volatilized aerosol forming material, is provided. Alternatively, a smokable rod can be provided by positioning the tobacco cut filler in the outer annular region, and by constructing the inner core portion using the tobacco material treated with aerosol forming material and a burn suppressing agent. Alternatively, a smokable rod possesses a single blend of smokable materials; at least a portion the smokable material being a tobacco material carrying a relatively high amount of aerosol forming material; and at least a portion of the smokable material being in intimate contact with a burn suppressing agent. A filtered cigarette can be produced by attaching a filter element to one end of any of those smokable rods.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to tobacco products, such as smokingarticles (e.g., cigarettes).

BACKGROUND

Popular smoking articles, such as cigarettes, have a substantiallycylindrical rod shaped structure and include a charge, roll or column ofsmokable material, such as shredded tobacco (e.g., in cut filler form),surrounded by a paper wrapper, thereby forming a so-called “smokablerod” or “tobacco rod.” Normally, a cigarette has a cylindrical filterelement aligned in an end-to-end relationship with the tobacco rod.Typically, a filter element comprises plasticized cellulose acetate towcircumscribed by a paper material known as “plug wrap.” Certain filterelements can incorporate polyhydric alcohols. See, for example, UK Pat.Spec. 755,475. Certain cigarettes incorporate a filter element havingmultiple segments, and one of those segments can comprise activatedcharcoal particles. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,360,023 to Blakleyet al. and U.S. Pat. No. 6,537,186 to Veluz. Typically, the filterelement is attached to one end of the tobacco rod using a circumscribingwrapping material known as “tipping paper.” It also has become desirableto perforate the tipping material and plug wrap, in order to providedilution of drawn mainstream smoke with ambient air. Descriptions ofcigarettes and the various components thereof are set forth in TobaccoProduction, Chemistry and Technology, Davis et al. (Eds.) ( 1999 ).Certain types of cigarettes have possessed tobacco rods of relativelysmall circumference, such as those marketed commercially as “Capri” byBrown and Williamson Tobacco Corporation and “Virginia Slims Superslims”by Philip Morris Inc. See, for example, the types of cigarettesdescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,637,410 to Luke; U.S. Pat. No. 4,878,507 toCase et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 4,911,184 to Case et al. A cigarette isemployed by a smoker by lighting one end thereof and burning the tobaccorod. The smoker then receives mainstream smoke into his/her mouth bydrawing on the opposite end (e.g., the filter end) of the cigarette.

There have been proposed numerous types of cigarettes, each of which hasa rod composed of tobacco material configured such that a longitudinallyextending central portion of that rod is formed as an air channel or iscomposed of a lesser amount of tobacco material than is used to providethe outer portion of that rod. U.S. Pat. No. 3,096,772 to Korberproposes a cigarette rod possessing tobacco filler formed so as to havea centrally located longitudinally extending air channel. U.S. Pat. No.3,349,776 to Bell et al. proposes a cigarette having an outer region oftobacco surrounding a longitudinally extending column of a lowerdensity. British Pat. No. 1,086,443 proposes a cigarette having acentrally extending cylindrical passage or a core whose density is lessthan the density of the surrounding outer layer. UK Pat. Spec. 1,054,557and U.S. Pat. No. 4,632,130 to Heitmann et al. and U.S. Pat. No.4,736,754 to Heitmann et al. each propose the manufacture of a cigaretterod having a central portion of smokable material of lesser density andan outer layer of smokable material of greater density.

There have been proposed numerous types of cigarettes, each of which hasan axial inner zone of smokable material of a constitution differentfrom that of a smokable material that is disposed outside of that zone.U.S. Pat. No. 1,829,559 to Gilliam proposes a cigarette having a paperwrapper and filler composed of different species of tobacco, and eachspecies is disposed in a separate stratum or layer throughout the entirelength of the cigarette. U.S. Pat. No. 3,736,941 to Molins et al.; U.S.Pat. Nos. 3,957,062; 3,987,804 to Molins et al.; and U.S. Pat. No.4,207,906 to Seehofer et al.; and UK Pat. Spec. 1,416,020 proposemanufacturing a cigarette rod having a core of filler material differentfrom an annulus of shredded tobacco. U.S. Pat. No. 4,580,579 to Wahle etal. and U.S. Pat. No. 4,593,704 to Wahle et al. each propose equipmentand methods for producing a rod of tobacco filler having a corecontaining a first particulate material surrounded by an annularenvelope containing a different second particulate material. U.S. Pat.No. 4,716,913 to Brackmann proposes a cigarette having a core of lesserquality tobacco smoking material surrounded by an annulus of higherquality smoking material.

There have been proposed numerous types of cigarettes, each of which hasan inner zone of smokable material contained within a wrapper and anouter zone of smokable material that is disposed outside of that zone.U.S. Pat. No. 3,910,287 to Walton proposes a cigarette-type smokingdevice having inner and outer wrappers of cigarette paper orreconstituted tobacco, with the space within the inner wrapper definingthe major volume of the device and the principal tobacco-filledcombustion zone, while the space between the wrappers defines a minorvolume and a secondary tobacco-filled combustion zone. A so-called“coaxial cigarette” possesses an inner core of tobacco material, asheath for the inner core, an outer jacket of material coaxiallysurrounding the inner core and sheath, and a sheath for the outerjacket. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,986,287 to Schneider et al.U.S. Pat. No. 4,874,004 to Borowski et al. proposes a coaxial cigarettehaving an inner core of a smokable material, a first wrapper for theinner core, an outer jacket of another smokable material surrounding theinner core, and a second wrapper for the outer jacket. U.S. Pat. No.6,257,243 to Muller et al. proposes a coaxial cigarette possessing aninner segment of smokable material, a covering for the inner segment, anouter segment of tobacco material surrounding the inner segment, and acovering for the outer segment. PCT WO 98/57556 to Biggs et al. proposesa coaxial cigarette possessing an inner segment of tobacco material, awrapper for the inner segment, an outer segment of smokable materialsurrounding the inner segment, and a covering for the outer segment.U.S. Pat. No. 4,727,888 to Luke proposes manufacturing a cigarette rodby surrounding a rod of filler material wrapped in a wrapper materialwith a smoking material, and wrapping a wrapper material about thesmoking material. U.S. Pat. No. 3,987,804 to Molins et al. and U.S. Pat.No. 6,202,648 to Schumacher et al. each propose equipment and methodsfor manufacturing a cigarette rod having a tubular insert that issurrounded by a smokable material.

Other types of coaxial or concentric-type smoking articles have beenproposed. Certain proposed cigarette-type smoking articles havepossessed tobacco smokable materials surrounding longitudinallyextending cores of other materials. UK Pat. Application 2,070,409proposes smoking article having a rod of smoking material having atleast one filament extending over a least a major portion of the lengthof the rod. U.S. Pat. No. 3,614,956 to Thornton proposes a smokingarticle having an annular outer portion made of tobacco smoking materialand a central cylindrical core of absorbent material. U.S. Pat. No.4,219,031 to Rainer et al. proposes a smoking article having a centralcore of carbonized fibers circumscribed by tobacco. U.S. Pat. No.6,367,481 to Nichols et al. proposes a cigarette possessing an ignitionelement surrounded by tobacco, which is in turn surrounded by acomposite outer wrapper. One type of cigarette-type smoking article haspossessed a rod of tobacco smokable material surrounded a longitudinallyextending annulus of some other material. U.S. Pat. No. 5,105,838 toWhite et al. proposes a rod of smokable material, normally circumscribedby a layer of wrapping materials, which is in turn circumscribed by aninsulating material (e.g., glass fibers). PCT WO 98/16125 to Snaidr etal. proposes a smoking device constructed from a very thin cigarettedesigned to fit into a tubular ceramic cartridge.

Through the years, there have been proposed various methods for alteringthe composition of mainstream tobacco smoke. In PCT WO 02/37990 toBereman, it has been suggested that metallic particles and/orcarbonaceous particles can be incorporated into the smokable material ofa cigarette in an attempt to reduce the amounts of certain compounds inthe smoke produced by that cigarette. In addition, numerous tobaccosubstitute materials have been proposed, and substantial listings ofvarious types of those materials can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,079,742to Rainer et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 4,771,795 to White et al. Certaincigarette-type products that employ non-tobacco materials (e.g., driedvegetable leaves, such lettuce leaves) as filler that is burned toproduce smoke that resembles tobacco smoke have been marketed under thetradenames “Cubebs,” “Triumph,” “Jazz,” and “Bravo.” See, for example,the types of materials described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,700,727 to Torigian.Furthermore, tobacco substitute materials having the tradenames “Cytrel”and “NSM” were introduced in Europe during the 1970s. Representativetypes of proposed synthetic tobacco substitute materials, and cigarettesincorporating those materials, are described in British Pat. No.1,431,045; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,738,374 to Bennett; U.S. Pat. No.3,844,294 to Webster; U.S. Pat. No. 3,878,850 to Gibson et al.; U.S.Pat. No. 3,931,824 to Miano et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 3,943,941 to Boyd etal.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,044,777 to Boyd et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,233,993 toMiano et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,286,604 to Ehretsmann et al.; U.S. Pat.No. 4,326,544 to Hardwick et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,046,514 to Bolt; U.S.Pat. No. 5,074,321 to Gentry et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,092,352 to Montoyaet al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,778,899 to Saito et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,397,852to McAdam; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,408,856 to McAdam. Various types ofhighly processed smokable materials incorporating tobacco and otheringredients are set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,874,000 to Tamol et al.;U.S. Pat. No. 5,072,744 to Luke et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,829,453 to Whiteet al. and U.S. Pat. No. 6,182,670 to White et al.

Numerous references have proposed various smoking articles of a typethat generate flavored vapor, visible aerosol, or a mixture of flavoredvapor and visible aerosol. Some of those proposed types of smokingarticles possess tubular sections or longitudinally extending airpassageways. See, for example, those types of smoking articles describedin U.S. Pat. No. 3,258,015 to Ellis et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 3,356,094 toEllis et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 3,516,417 to Moses; U.S. Pat. No. 4,347,855to Lanzellotti et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,340,072 to Bolt et al.; U.S. Pat.No. 4,391,285 to Burnett et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,917,121 to Riehl etal.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,924,886 to Litzinger; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,060,676to Hearn et al. Many of those types of smoking articles have employed acombustible fuel source that is burned to provide an aerosol and/or toheat an aerosol forming material. See, for example, the background artcited in U.S. Pat. No. 4,714,082 to Banerjee et al. and U.S. Pat. No.4,771,795 to White et al.; which are incorporated herein by reference intheir entireties. See, also, for example, those types of smokingarticles described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,714,082 to Banerjee et al.; U.S.Pat. No. 4,771,795 to White et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,793,365 toSensabaugh; U.S. Pat. No. 4,917,128 to Clearman et al.; U.S. Pat. No.4,961,438 to Korte; U.S. Pat. No. 4,966,171 to Serrano et al.; U.S. Pat.No. 5,033,483 to Clearman et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,065,776 to Lawson;U.S. Pat. No. 5,099,861 to Clearman et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,105,835 toDrewett et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,159,940 to Hayward et al.; U.S. Pat. No.5,178,167 to Riggs et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,183,062 to Clearman et al.;U.S. Pat. No. 5,211,684 to Shannon et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,551,451 toRiggs et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,595,577 to Bensalem et al.; U.S. Pat. No.5,819,751 to Barnes et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,095,153 to Beven et al; U.S.Pat. No. 6,578,584 Beven; and PCT WO 97/48294. Furthermore, certaintypes of cigarettes have been commercially marketed under the brandnames “Premier” and “Eclipse” by R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company. See,for example, those types of cigarettes described in Chemical andBiological Studies on New Cigarette Prototypes that Heat Instead of BurnTobacco, R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Monograph (1988) and InhalationToxicology, 12:5, p. 1-58 (2000).

Yet other types of smoking articles, such as those types of smokingarticles that generate flavored vapors by subjecting tobacco orprocessed tobaccos to heat produced from chemical or electrical heatsources are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,947,874 to Brooks et al.; U.S.Pat. No. 5,224,498 to Deevi; U.S. Pat. No. 5,285,798 to Banerjee et al.;U.S. Pat. No. 5,357,984 to Farrier et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,593,792 toFarrier et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,369,723 to Counts; and U.S. Pat. No.6,164,287 to White. One type of smoking article that has employedelectrical energy to produce heat has been commercially marketed byPhilip Morris Inc. under the brand name “Accord.”

Smoking articles that employ tobacco substitute materials, and smokingarticles that employ sources of heat other than tobacco cut filler toproduce tobacco-flavored vapors or tobacco-flavored visible aerosols,have not received widespread commercial success. It would be highlydesirable to provide a smoking article, such as a cigarette, thatpossesses the ability to provide to a smoker the benefits and advantagesof conventional cigarette smoking without delivering considerablequantities of incomplete combustion and pyrolysis products.

BRIEF SUMMARY

In one aspect, the present invention relates to a smokable rod, and asmoking article (e.g., a cigarette) incorporating such as rod. Thatsmokable rod possesses an outer wrapping material; and a smokablematerial (e.g., a tobacco material in cut filler form) is disposedwithin that outer wrapping material. Aerosol forming material isincorporated within the smokable rod; and typically, at least a portionof the smokable material within the smokable rod acts as a substrate foran aerosol forming material. For example, the aerosol forming materialin intimate contact with a processed tobacco material that is processedsuch that (i) at least a portion of a solvent soluble portion (e.g., awater soluble extract portion) of the tobacco material is removedtherefrom, and (ii) that processed tobacco material is a substrate forthe aerosol forming material. At least a portion of the smokablematerial within the smokable rod can be treated with an agent capable ofhaving an effect upon the thermal decomposition properties of thesmokable material with which that agent is in intimate contact; and suchan agent is referred to as a “burn suppressing agent.” At least aportion of the smokable material can both act as a substrate for theaerosol forming material and be in intimate contact with the burnsuppressing agent.

In use, the lighting end of a cigarette incorporating the smokable rodis lit, and the smokable material undergoes thermal decomposition, andhence yields smoke. At least some of the smokable material (i.e., thatwhich has been treated so as to avoid the tendency to burn) undergoeschar or smolder, for a cigarette incorporating smokable material hasbeen treated with the burn suppressing agent. Such charring orsmoldering is characteristic of smokable material that does not undergothe type of burning that would be considered complete when a traditionaltype of tobacco cut filler is consumed during use of the smokable rod ofa traditional type of tobacco burning cigarette. Some portion or all ofthe smokable material (e.g., that portion that is not treated with burnsuppressing agent) can undergo burning, and hence yield smoke that canbe considered to be somewhat characteristic of a traditional type ofcigarette that is intended to burn tobacco cut filler. In addition, theaerosol forming material that is located within the smokable rod (e.g.,that is carried by at least some portion of the smokable material of thesmokable rod) is volatilized by the action of heat so produced when thesmokable rod is smoked. As such, when the mouth end of the cigarette isdrawn upon by the smoker, the smoker can inhale smoke from some of theburning smokable material, as well as volatilized aerosol formingmaterial, and other components resulting from the action of heat uponthe smokable material.

In another aspect, the present invention relates to a smokable rod, anda smoking article (e.g., a cigarette) incorporating such a rod. Thatsmokable rod possesses an outer wrapping material; a first material(e.g., a smokable material, such as tobacco material in cut filler form)is disposed within the outer wrapping material; a second material (e.g.,a smokable material, such as tobacco material in cut filler form) isdisposed within the first material, and extends longitudinally throughthe first material; and preferably an inner wrapping material isdisposed between first and second materials. That is, the rod possesses(i) a portion or region of a smokable material that is configured in arod-like shape that extends longitudinally through the central region ofthat rod, thereby providing an inner core region of smokable material;(ii) an outer portion or region of material positioned around the innercore, thereby forming an annulus or sheath that circumscribes orcoaxially surrounds the inner core of smokable material; (iii) awrapping material that longitudinally circumscribes the outer portion ofouter material; and preferably (iv) a wrapping material thatlongitudinally circumscribes the inner core region of smokable materialand is positioned so as to physically separate the outer and innerportions of the respective first and second materials from one another.

In use, the lighting end of a cigarette incorporating the smokable rodis lit, and the inner core material (e.g., tobacco cut filler) burns toyield smoke. The outer material of the smokable rod (e.g., tobacco cutfiller), which can be treated so as to avoid the tendency to burn,undergoes some type of thermal decomposition, and hence, generates heatas well as thermal decomposition products of tobacco. For example, atleast a portion of the outer material can be in intimate contact with aburn suppressing agent. At least a portion of the inner core materialand/or at least a portion of the outer sheath material can be configuredso as to be in intimate contact with an aerosol forming material (e.g.,components of either or both of those first and second materials can actas substrates for the aerosol forming material). As such, when the mouthend of the cigarette is drawn upon by the smoker, the smoker can inhalesmoke that results from burning the material of the inner core, as wellas volatilized aerosol forming material, and other components resultingfrom the burning or other action of heat upon the material of the outersheath.

In another aspect, the present invention relates to a smokable rod, anda smoking article (e.g., a cigarette) incorporating such a rod. Thatsmokable rod possesses an outer wrapping material; a first material(e.g., a smokable material, such as tobacco material in cut filler form)is disposed within the outer wrapping material; a second material (e.g.,a smokable material, such as tobacco material in cut filler form) isdisposed within the first material, and extends longitudinally throughthe first material; and preferably an inner wrapping material isdisposed between first and second materials.

In use, the lighting end of a cigarette incorporating the smokable rodis lit, and the outer material (e.g., tobacco cut filler) burns to yieldsmoke. At least a portion of the inner core material and/or at least aportion of the outer sheath material can be configured so as to be inintimate contact with an aerosol forming material (e.g., components ofeither or both of those first and second materials can act as substratesfor the aerosol forming material). The inner material of the smokablerod (e.g., tobacco cut filler), which can be treated so as to avoid thetendency to burn, undergoes some type of thermal decomposition, andhence, generates heat. For example, at least a portion of the innermaterial can be in intimate contact with a burn suppressing agent. Assuch, when the mouth end of the cigarette is drawn upon by the smoker,the smoker can inhale smoke from burning the material of the outersheath, as well as volatilized aerosol forming material, and othercomponents resulting from the burning or other action of heat upon thematerial of the inner core.

In yet another aspect, the present invention relates to a smokingarticle (e.g., a cigarette) incorporating a smokable rod of any of thetypes described previously. That cigarette possesses a smokable rod, amouth end piece, and a segment of smokable material (e.g., tobaccomaterial in cut filler form) located between the smokable rod and themouth end piece.

In use, the lighting end of the smokable rod of the cigarette is lit,and the smokable material of that rod burns to yield smoke. The portionof the smokable material of the smokable rod that has been treated so asto avoid the tendency to burn undergoes some type of thermaldecomposition. Aerosol forming material, which is in intimate contactwith at least some of the smokable material within the smokable rod, issubjected to the heat produced by action of heat generated by theburning or other associated thermal decomposition of those materials. Assuch, when the mouth end of the cigarette is drawn upon by the smoker,the smoker can inhale smoke from burning tobacco, as well as volatilizedaerosol forming material, and other components resulting from theburning or other action of heat upon those materials. The drawn aerosolpasses through the segment of smokable material before passing throughthe mouth end piece.

A preferred cigarette of the present invention, when smoked, provides aflavorful and satisfying mainstream aerosol. Highly preferred cigarettesprovide the flavors, sensations and satisfaction of popular cigarettesthat burn tobacco cut filler, because those preferred cigarettesgenerate mainstream aerosol, at least in part, by burning, charring orotherwise causing thermal degradation of tobacco cut filler. Thosepreferred cigarettes smolder at acceptable rates, provide an acceptablenumber of puffs, and are capable of maintaining acceptable staticsmolder, at least when smoked under FTC smoking conditions. A preferredcigarette, when smoked, yields a firecone and ash that are acceptable. Apreferred ash is not easily dislodged for the cigarette, and is notoverly flakey. A preferred firecone has an acceptable shape and size, isnot overly cohesive (i.e., desired portions of the ash can be flicked,or otherwise easily removed, from the cigarette in much the same mannerthat the ash is removed from a cigarette that burns down), and is notoverly fragile (i.e., the firecone and ash maintain their integrity toan acceptable degree). Generally, the ash of a cigarette possessingsmokable material treated with burn suppressing agent has a tendency toexhibit a darker color than that of traditional cigarettes that burntobacco cut filler, because of the smokable material that has beentreated with burn suppressing agent preferably has a tendency to smolderor char, rather than burn more completely.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1 through 4 are longitudinal cross-sectional views of smokablerods and smoking articles representative of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Aspects and embodiments of the present invention relating to varioussmoking articles are illustrated with reference to FIGS. 1 through 4.Like components are given like numeric designations throughout thefigures.

Referring to FIG. 1, a representative preferred smoking article 10 inthe form of a cigarette is shown. The smoking article 10 has rod-likeshape. The cigarette 10 includes a generally cylindrical smokable rod20; and a generally cylindrical mouth end piece 30 positioned at one endof that smokable rod. As such, the cigarette 10 possesses a lighting end40 and a mouth end 50.

The smokable rod 20 possesses an outer wrapping material 60. A firstmaterial 70 is disposed within, and circumscribed by, the outer wrappingmaterial 60. As such, the longitudinally extending outer surface of thesmokable rod 20 is provided by the outer wrapping material 60. Arepresentative first material 70 is a smokable material (e.g., tobaccomaterial in cut filler form). An aerosol forming material (not shown)can be located in the region occupied by the first material 70, and assuch, the first material can act as a substrate for that aerosol formingmaterial. The first material 70 also can be treated in such a mannerthat the material does not exhibit a tendency to burn, but rather, thatmaterial exhibits a propensity to smolder or char. A second material 80is disposed within the first material 70. A representative secondmaterial 80 is a smokable material (e.g., tobacco material in cut fillerform). A charge or roll of the second material 80 is contained in anoptional circumscribing inner wrapping material 90. Both ends of thesmokable rod 20 are open to expose the first and second materials 70,80. That is, it is preferable that both the inner core of smokablematerial 80 and the outer material 80 be configured so that both ofthose materials extend along the entire length of the smokable rod.

The second material 80 and preferred circumscribing inner wrappingmaterial 90 are assembled and configured so as to form a rod-like shape,thereby forming an inner rod 100. The inner rod 100 extendslongitudinally through the central region of the cigarette 10, therebyproviding an inner core region of smokable material 80. Preferably, theinner rod 100 is centrally located with the smokable rod 20; however, itis not strictly necessary that the radial depth of the outer material 70be identical over all regions of the smokable rod. The outer portion orregion of the first material 70 is positioned around the inner rod 100,thereby forming an annulus or sheath that circumscribes or coaxiallysurrounds that inner rod. The inner wrapping material 90 thatlongitudinally circumscribes the second material 80 is positioned so asto physically separate the first and second materials 70, 80 from oneanother. That is, the first and second materials 70, 80 are radiallydisposed from one another.

The cigarette 10 normally includes a filter element 120, or othersuitable mouthpiece, positioned at the mouth end 50 thereof. The filterelement 120 is positioned adjacent one end of the smokable rod 20, suchthat the filter element and smokable rod are axially aligned in anend-to-end relationship, preferably abutting one another. The generalcross-sectional shapes and dimensions of the smokable rod 20 and filterelement 120, when viewed transversely to the longitudinal axis of thecigarette, are essentially identical to one another. Both ends of thefilter element 120 are open to permit the passage of aerosoltherethrough. The filter element 120 includes filter material 130 (e.g.,plasticized cellulose acetate tow) that is overwrapped along thelongitudinally extending surface thereof with circumscribing plug wrapmaterial 140. A typical plug wrap material 140 is a paper material, suchas a paper that his highly porous to air flow.

The filter element 120 most preferably is attached to the mouth end 50of the smokable rod 20 using tipping material 150, which circumscribesboth the entire length of the filter element and an adjacent region ofthe smokable rod. The inner surface of the tipping material 150 isfixedly secured to the outer surface of the plug wrap material 140 andthe outer surface of the outer wrapping material 60 of the smokable rod20, using a suitable adhesive. A ventilated or air diluted cigarette isprovided with an air dilution means, such as a series of perforations160, each of which extend through the tipping material 150 and plug wrapmaterial 140.

During use, the smoker lights the lighting end 40 of the cigarette 10using a match or cigarette lighter, in a manner similar to the way thatconventional cigarettes are lit. As such, the smokable material 80 ofthe inner rod 100 at the lighting end of the cigarette begins to burn.The mouth end 50 of the cigarette 10 is placed in the lips of thesmoker. Smoke generated by the burning smokable material 80 is drawnthrough the cigarette 10 from the smokable rod 20, through the filterelement 120, and into the mouth of the smoker. Heat generated duringlighting, and heat generated by the burning smokable material 80 istransferred to the region of the cigarette that surrounds the outerperiphery of the inner rod 100. As such, the first material 70 issubjected to conditions sufficient for it to undergo some degree ofthermal decomposition (e.g., the first material can burn and/or,depending upon the degree of treatment with burn suppressing agent, canundergo smolder or char). As a result, components derived from thatfirst material 70 (e.g., volatile flavorful components of that firstmaterial) are entrained in the air that is drawn through that region ofthe smokable rod 20 of the cigarette 10. Also as a result, aerosolforming material (not shown), located in that region occupied by thefirst material 70, is volatilized and entrained in the air that is drawnthrough that region of the smokable rod 20 of the cigarette 10. Theaerosol so formed also is drawn through the filter element 120 and intothe mouth of the smoker, along with the aerosol (i.e., smoke) formed asa result of the burning of the smokable material 80. Due to theessentially random nature of the positioning of the cut filler in eachlongitudinally extending portion of the smokable rod, the aerosolgenerated within the rod passes through a rather tortuous, random pathdefined by the air spaces between pieces of cut filler, as opposed to ahollow passageway of the type that is formed within a formed (e.g.,extruded or molded) processed smokable material. For a highly preferredcigarette, the inner core of smokable material 80, inner wrappingmaterial 90 and outer wrapping material 60 gradually burn down,essentially as is the case for a traditional tobacco burning cigarette;while the outer material 70 that has been treated with burn suppressingagent, undergoes smolder, charring, or similar change in character,rather than a more complete burning. For a highly preferred cigarette,the thermal decomposition of the various materials of the smokable rodoccur at comparable linear rates along the length of that rod, and assuch, a coal or burning tip region produced during consumption of thesmokable rod resembles in many regards the type of coal or burning tipof a traditional tobacco burning cigarette. Ash and charred materialsthat result as the hot coal passes from the lighting end to the mouthend can be flicked, or otherwise removed, from the cigarette,essentially in the manner that ash generated from burned tobacco cutfiller is removed from a traditional type of tobacco burning cigarette.

Various embodiments of the smoking article 10 described with referenceto in FIG. 1 can be provided by modifying the general composition of theinner material 80 that makes up the inner core 100 of the smokable rod20. In one representative embodiment, at least a portion of the innercore material 80 can be combined with aerosol forming material. Forexample, some amount or all of the inner core material can be inintimate contact with aerosol forming material. In anotherrepresentative embodiment, at least a portion of the inner core material80 can be combined with aerosol forming material and burn suppressingagent. For example, some amount of the inner core material can becombined with aerosol forming material and some other amount of theinner core material can be combined with burn suppressing agent, someamount of the inner core material can be combined with both aerosolforming material and burn suppressing agent, or all of the inner corematerial can be combined with aerosol forming material and burnsuppressing agent. For an embodiment incorporating burn suppressingagent within both the inner material 80 and outer material 70, it ispreferable that the outer material incorporate an amount and type ofburn suppressing agent sufficient to provide a higher degree of burnsuppression.

Referring again to FIG. 1, another embodiment of the type of smokablerod 20 and smoking article 10 in the form of a cigarette is shown. Thatembodiment is representative of a less preferred aspect of the presentinvention. That cigarette 10 also includes a generally cylindricalsmokable rod 20; and a generally cylindrical mouthend piece 30positioned at one end of the smokable rod. The cigarette 10 alsopossesses a lighting end 40 and a mouth end 50.

The smokable rod 20 possesses an outer wrapping material 60. A firstmaterial 70 is disposed within, and circumscribed by, the outer wrappingmaterial 60. As such, the longitudinally extending outer surface of thesmokable rod 20 is provided by the outer wrapping material 60. Arepresentative first material 70 is a smokable material (e.g., tobaccomaterial in cut filler form). A second material 80 is disposed withinthe first material 70. A representative second material 80 is a smokablematerial (e.g., a processed tobacco material in cut filler form). Anaerosol forming material (not shown) can be located in the regionoccupied by the second material 80, and as such, the second material canact as a substrate for that aerosol forming material. The secondmaterial 80 can be treated in such a manner that the material does notexhibit a tendency to burn, but rather, that material exhibits apropensity to smolder or char. A charge or roll of the second material80 is contained in an optional circumscribing inner wrapping material90. Both ends of the smokable rod 20 are open to expose the first andsecond materials 70, 80. That is, it is preferable that both the innercore of smokable material 80 and the outer material 80 be configured sothat both of those materials extend along the entire length of thesmokable rod. The second material 80 and preferred circumscribing innerwrapping material 90 are assembled and configured so as to form arod-like shape, thereby forming an inner rod 100. The inner rod 100extends longitudinally through the central region of the cigarette 10,thereby providing an inner core region of smokable material 80, in thegeneral manner that is described previously.

The cigarette 10 normally includes a filter element 120, or othersuitable mouthpiece, positioned at the mouthend 50 thereof. Generaldetails concerning the construction and positioning of the filterelement 120 are set forth previously. The filter element 120 includesfilter material 130 overwrapped along the longitudinally extendingsurface thereof with circumscribing plug wrap material 140. The filterelement 120 is attached to the smokable rod 20 by tipping material 150;and the cigarette 10 can be air diluted by providing a series ofperforations 160, each of which extend through the tipping material 150and plug wrap material 140.

During use, the smoker lights the lighting end 40 of the cigarette 10using a match or cigarette lighter, in a manner similar to the way thatconventional cigarettes are lit. As such, the smokable material 70 thatcircumscribes the inner rod 100 is burned. The mouthend 50 of thecigarette 10 is placed in the lips of the smoker. Smoke generated by theburning smokable material 70 is drawn through the cigarette 10 from thesmokable rod 20, through the filter element 120, and into the mouth ofthe smoker. Heat also is generated by burning or other type of thermaldecomposition of the material that makes up the inner rod 100. As aresult, smoke or other types of components derived from that secondmaterial 80 (e.g., volatile flavorful components of that secondmaterial) are entrained in the air that is drawn through that region ofthe smokable rod 20 of the cigarette 10. Also as a result, aerosolforming material (not shown), located in that region occupied by thesecond material 80, is volatilized and entrained in the air that isdrawn through that region of the smokable rod 20 of the cigarette 10.The aerosol so formed also is drawn through the filter element 120 andinto the mouth of the smoker, along with the aerosol (i.e., smoke)formed as a result of the burning of the smokable material 70. Due tothe essentially random nature of the positioning of the cut filler ineach longitudinally extending portion of the smokable rod, the aerosolgenerated within the rod passes through a rather tortuous, random pathdefined by the air spaces between pieces of cut filler, as opposed to ahollow passageway of the type that is formed within a formed (e.g.,extruded or molded) processed smokable material. For a preferredcigarette, the outer smokable material 70, inner wrapping material 90and outer wrapping material 60 burn down, essentially as is the case fora traditional tobacco burning cigarette; and the inner core material 80that has been treated with burn suppressing agent, undergoes smolder,charring, or similar change in character, rather than burning. For ahighly preferred cigarette, the thermal decomposition of the variousmaterials of the smokable rod occur at comparable linear rates along thelength of that rod, and as such, a coal or burning tip produced duringconsumption of the smokable rod may resemble in some regards the type ofcoal or burning tip region of a traditional tobacco burning cigarette.Ash and charred materials that result as the hot coal passes from thelighting end to the mouth end can be flicked, or otherwise removed fromthe cigarette, essentially in the manner that ash generated from burnedtobacco cut filler is removed from a traditional type of tobacco burningcigarette.

Further embodiments of the smoking article 10 shown in FIG. 1 can beprovided by modifying the general composition of the outer material 70that circumscribes the inner core 100 of the smokable rod 20. In onerepresentative embodiment, at least a portion of the outer material 70can be combined with aerosol forming material. For example, some amountor all of the outer material can be in intimate contact with aerosolforming material. In another representative embodiment, at least aportion of the outer material 70 can be combined with burn suppressingagent. For an embodiment incorporating burn suppressing agent withinboth the inner material 80 and outer material 70, it is preferable thatthe outer material incorporate an amount and type of burn suppressingagent sufficient to provide a higher degree of burn suppression.

Further embodiments of the smoking article 10 shown in FIG. 1 also canbe provided by modifying the general compositions of both of the innermaterial 80 and the outer material 70 of the smokable rod 20. In onerepresentative embodiment, at least a portion of the outer material 70can be combined with aerosol forming material, but not with anyappreciable amount of burn suppressing agent; while at least a portionof the inner material 80 can be combined with burn suppressing agent,but not with an appreciable amount of aerosol forming material. Inanother representative embodiment, at least a portion of the innermaterial 80 can be combined with aerosol forming material, but not withany appreciable amount of burn suppressing agent; while at least aportion of the outer material 70 can be combined with burn suppressingagent, but not with any appreciable amount of aerosol forming material.

Referring to FIG. 2, cigarette 10 incorporates the components andconfiguration essentially as set forth in FIG. 1. The cigarette 10possesses a smokable rod 20 having an inner core of smokable material80, an optional wrapping material 90 for that smokable material, anouter smokable material 70 circumscribing the inner smokable material,and an outer wrapping material 60. The cigarette also possesses a mouthend piece 30, such as a filter element 120. A cylindrical segment 200 ofsmokable material 210 is positioned between the mouth end 50 of thesmokable rod 20 and the filter element 120. That segment 200 is composedof smokable material 210 (e.g., tobacco cut filler) circumscribed by acigarette paper wrapping material 220. The segment 200 can have thegeneral configuration of a traditional type smokable rod that is usedfor cigarette manufacture, and manners and methods for producing thosetypes of segments by subdividing a continuous smokable rod into segmentsof the desired lengths are set forth generally in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 10/324,418, filed Dec. 20, 2002; Ser. No.10/440,290, filed May 16, 2003; and Ser. No. 10/645,996, filed Aug. 22,2003. An overlayer 230 of cigarette paper (e.g., that acts as a form oftipping material) circumscribes the outer surface of the wrappingmaterial 220 of the segment 200 and the outer wrapping material 60 ofsmokable rod 20 over a portion an adjacent region of the smokable rod.Manners, methods and equipment for combining cylindrical segments ofcigarette components, such as plug-tube combining techniques, will bereadily apparent to those skilled in the art of cigarette design andmanufacture. The segment 200 and filter element 120 are positionedadjacent one end of the smokable rod 20, such that the filter element,segment and smokable rod all are axially aligned in an end-to-endrelationship, preferably abutting one another. The generalcross-sectional shapes and dimensions of the smokable rod 20, segment200 and filter element 120, when viewed transversely to the longitudinalaxis of the cigarette 10, are essentially identical to one another. Theends of the filter element 120 and segment 200 both are open to permitthe passage of aerosol therethrough. The filter element 120 includesfilter material 130 (e.g., plasticized cellulose acetate tow) that isoverwrapped along the longitudinally extending surface thereof withcircumscribing plug wrap material 140. Tipping material 150 is used toattach the filter element to the smokable rod, such that the segment 200is located between the smokable rod and the filter element. Thecigarette can possess a series of air dilution perforations 160.

The cigarette 10 is used in much the same manner as the cigarette thatis set forth previously with reference to FIG. 1. However, the aerosolformed during burning of the smokable rod 20 is drawn through thesegment 200 prior to being drawn through the filter element 120 and intothe mouth of the smoker. If desired, the smoker also can allow thecigarette to burn down through the segment 200, and hence, draw tobaccosmoke produced as a result of the burning of a portion of that segment.Alternatively, the smoker can smoke the longitudinally segmented portionof the smokable rod of the cigarette up until the point that thefirecone approaches the segment 200.

Referring to FIG. 3, cigarette 10 incorporates the components andconfiguration essentially as set forth in FIG. 1. The cigarette 10possesses a smokable rod 20 having an inner core of smokable material 80treated with burn suppressing agent, an optional wrapping material 90for that material, an outer region smokable material 70 circumscribingthe inner material, and an outer wrapping material 60. The cigarettealso possesses a mouth end piece 30, such as a filter element 120. Acylindrical segment of smokable material 200 is positioned between themouth end 50 of the smokable rod 20 and the filter element 120. Thatsegment 200 is composed of smokable material 210 (e.g., tobacco cutfiller) circumscribed by the outer wrapping material 220. The segment200 can be provided by not extending the inner core material entirelythrough the entire length of the smokable rod 20; and hence, the segmentis composed of the type of material used to provide the smokablematerial of the outer region 70 of that rod. The segment 200 is locatedat the mouth end 50 of the smokable rod 20, and the filter element 120is positioned adjacent to the segment, such that the filter element,segment and smokable rod all are axially aligned in an end-to-endrelationship, preferably abutting one another. The generalcross-sectional shapes and dimensions of the smokable rod 20, segment200 and filter element 120, when viewed transversely to the longitudinalaxis of the cigarette 10, are essentially identical to one another. Theends of the filter element 120, and the ends of both portions of thesmokable rod 20 (i.e., the concentric portion and the segment portion)all are open to permit the passage of aerosol therethrough. The filterelement 120 includes filter material 130 (e.g., plasticized celluloseacetate tow) that is overwrapped along the longitudinally extendingsurface thereof with circumscribing plug wrap material 140. Tippingmaterial 150 is used to attach the filter element to the smokable rod,such that the segment 200 is located between the smokable rod 20 and thefilter element 120. The tipping material 150 can extend over the outerwrapping material 60 of the smokable rod 20 such that an observantsmoker will be inclined not to allow the smokable rod to burn downthrough the segment (as is shown). Alternatively, the tipping material150 can be selected so that the smoker can allow the smokable rod toburn through at least a portion of the segment 200. The cigarette canpossess a series of air dilution perforations 160.

The cigarette 10 is used in much the same manner as the cigarette thatis set forth previously with reference to FIG. 1. However, the aerosolformed during use of the smokable rod 20 is drawn through the segment200 prior to being drawn through the filter element 120 and into themouth of the smoker.

Referring to FIG. 4, a representative preferred smoking article 10 inthe form of a cigarette is shown. The smoking article 10 has rod-likeshape. The cigarette 10 includes a generally cylindrical smokable rod20; and a generally cylindrical mouth end piece 30 positioned at one endof that smokable rod. As such, the cigarette 10 possesses a lighting end40 and a mouth end 50. Such a smokable rod 20, and a cigarette 10incorporating that rod, can be manufactured using conventional types ofmanufacturing techniques and equipment. See, for example, the generaltypes of equipment and methodologies set forth in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 10/324,418, filed Dec. 20, 2002; Ser. No.10/440,290, filed May 16, 2003; and Ser. No. 10/645,996, filed Aug. 22,2003; which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

The smokable rod 20 possesses an outer wrapping material 60. A smokablematerial 70 is disposed within, and circumscribed by, the outer wrappingmaterial 60. As such, the longitudinally extending outer surface of thesmokable rod 20 is provided by the outer wrapping material 60. Arepresentative smokable material 70 is a plant-derived material (e.g.,tobacco material in cut filler form). An aerosol forming material (notshown) can be located in the region occupied by the smokable material70, and as such, at least a portion of that material can act as asubstrate for that aerosol forming material. At least a portion of thesmokable material 70 can be treated in such a manner that the materialdoes not exhibit a tendency to burn, but rather, that material exhibitsa propensity to smolder or char.

The cigarette 10 normally includes a filter element 120, or othersuitable mouthpiece, positioned at the mouthend 50 thereof. Both ends ofthe smokable rod 20, and both ends of the filter element 120, preferablyare open to allow the passage of air and aerosol therethrough. Generaldetails concerning the construction and positioning of the filterelement 120 are set forth previously with reference to FIG. 1. Thefilter element 120 includes filter material 130 overwrapped along thelongitudinally extending surface thereof with circumscribing plug wrapmaterial 140. The filter element 120 is attached to the smokable rod 20by tipping material 150; and the cigarette 10 can be air diluted byproviding a series of perforations 160, each of which extend through thetipping material 150 and plug wrap material 140.

During use, the smoker lights the lighting end 40 of the cigarette 10using a match or cigarette lighter, in a manner similar to the way thatconventional cigarettes are lit. As such, smokable material 70, or atleast a portion of the smokable material 70, undergoes smolder, charringor other comparable type of thermal decomposition. The mouthend 50 ofthe cigarette 10 is placed in the lips of the smoker. Smoke generated bythat thermally degrading smokable material 70 is drawn through thecigarette 10 from the smokable rod 20, through the filter element 120,and into the mouth of the smoker. Also as a result, aerosol formingmaterial (not shown), located in that region occupied by the smokablematerial 70, is volatilized and entrained in the air that is drawnthrough that region of the smokable rod 20 of the cigarette 10. Theaerosol so formed also is drawn through the filter element 120 and intothe mouth of the smoker, along with the aerosol (i.e., smoke) formed asa result of the thermal degradation of the smokable material 70. Due tothe essentially random nature of the positioning of the cut filler inthe smokable rod, the aerosol generated within the rod passes through arather tortuous, random path defined by the air spaces between pieces ofcut filler, as opposed to a hollow passageway of the type that is formedwithin a formed (e.g., extruded or molded) processed smokable material.For a preferred cigarette, the smokable material 70 and outer wrappingmaterial 60 burn down, essentially as is the case for a traditionaltobacco burning cigarette; while at least a portion of the smokablematerial treated with burn suppressing agent undergoes smolder,charring, or similar change in character, rather than burning. For ahighly preferred cigarette, the thermal decomposition of the variouscomponents of the smokable rod occur at comparable linear rates alongthe length of that rod, and as such, a coal or burning tip regionproduced during consumption of the smokable rod resembles in manyregards the type of coal or burning tip of a traditional tobacco burningcigarette. Ash and charred materials that result as the hot coal passesfrom the lighting end to the mouth end can be flicked, or otherwiseremoved from the cigarette, essentially in the manner that ash generatedfrom burned tobacco cut filler is removed from a traditional type oftobacco burning cigarette.

The dimensions of representative cigarettes of the type shown in FIG. 1and FIG. 4 can vary. Typical cigarettes are cylindrically shaped rodshaving circumferences of about 20 mm to about 27 mm, and preferablyabout 22 mm to about 25 mm. Typical cigarettes are cylindrically shapedrods that have overall lengths of about 80 mm to about 120 mm, andgenerally have overall lengths of about 83 mm to about 100 mm. Typicalfilter elements have lengths of about 20 mm to about 40 mm, andgenerally about 25 mm to about 35 mm; and typical smokable rodsgenerally have lengths of about 50 mm to about 70 mm.

The dimensions of representative cigarettes of the type shown in FIG. 2and FIG. 3 can vary. Typical cigarettes are cylindrically shaped rodshaving circumferences of about 20 mm to about 27 mm, and preferablyabout 22 mm to about 25 mm. Typical cigarettes are cylindrically shapedrods that have overall lengths of about 80 mm to about 120 mm, andgenerally have overall lengths of about 83 mm to about 100 mm. Typicalfilter elements have lengths of about 20 mm to about 40 mm, andgenerally about 25 mm to about 35 mm; and typical smokable rodsgenerally have lengths of about 50 mm to about 70 mm. The segmentlocated between the smokable rod and the filter element has a lengththat can vary; but typically the length of that segment is about 5 mm toabout 30 mm, generally about 10 mm to about 15 mm.

The cross-sectional dimensions of the smokable rod can vary. Typically,the cross-sectional area of the inner or core cylinder of a co-axial rodmakes up about 25 to about 65, often about 35 to about 60 percent of thetotal cross-sectional area of the smokable rod; while thecross-sectional area of the outer or circumscribing portion of aco-axial rod makes up about 35 to about 75, often about 40 to about 65percent of the total cross-sectional area of the smokable rod. Forexample, for a generally cylindrical smokable rod having a circumferenceof about 24 mm to about 26 mm, a representative inner or core portionhas a generally cylindrical shape and a circumference of about 13 mm toabout 19 mm.

The smokable rod, components of the smokable rod, the filter element,components of the filter element, the optional segment, components ofthe optional segment, and the cigarette resulting from the combinationsmokable rod, filter element and optional segment, can be manufacturedusing conventional types of cigarette and cigarette componentmanufacturing techniques and equipment. The various component parts andpieces can be processed and assembled into cigarettes using theconventional types of technologies known to those skilled in the art ofcigarette design and manufacture.

The manner by which the co-axial or concentric type of smokable rod isassembled can vary. In one regard, a small circumference rod ismanufactured, and filler material and an outer wrapping material isfashioned around that inner rod. In another less preferred regard, anouter rod with a central cavity or passageway is formed, and a smallcircumference inner rod is positioned in that central cavity. Methodsfor manufacturing small circumference inner rods for smoking articlesare known to those skilled in the art of cigarette manufacture, andthose techniques have been used to manufacture rods of smallcircumference for those cigarettes marketed commercially as “Capri” byBrown and Williamson Tobacco Corporation and “Virginia Slims Superslims”by Philip Morris Inc. Representative manners and methods formanufacturing a smokable rod having a core region of wrapped fillersurrounded by an annular region or sheath of filler are set forth inU.S. Pat. No. 4,727,888 to Luke; and PCT WO 98/57556 to Biggs et al.;which are incorporated herein by reference. Equipment and techniquessuch as those set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 5,105,838 to White et al.,which is incorporated herein by reference, can be suitably modified andemployed. Representative manners and methods for manufacturing a tobaccorod having a core region of one type of smokable filler surrounded by anannular region or sheath of another type of smokable filler are setforth in U.S. Pat. No. 3,736,941 to Molins et al.; U.S. Pat. No.3,987,804 to Molins et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,580,579 to Wahle et al.;U.S. Pat. No. 4,593,704 to Wahle et al.; which are incorporated hereinby reference.

Smokable materials and other associated materials useful for carryingout the present invention can vary. Smokable materials are material thatcan be incorporated into the smokable rod, and provide mass and bulk tosome region within that smokable rod. Smokable materials undergo sometype of destruction during conditions of normal use of the smokable rodinto which they are incorporated. Destruction of the smokable material,due at least in part to thermal decomposition of at least some componentof that smokable material, results in the formation of an aerosol.

It is most highly preferred that smokable materials incorporate tobaccoof some form. Preferred smokable materials are composed predominantly oftobacco of some form, based on the dry weights of those materials. Thatis, the majority of the dry weight of that material, and the majority ofthe weight of a mixture incorporating that material (including a blendof materials, and a material having additives applied thereto orotherwise incorporated therein) is provided by tobacco of some form. Forexample, those materials can be processed tobaccos that incorporateminor amounts non-tobacco filler materials (e.g., calcium carbonateparticles, carbonaceous materials, grains or wood pulp), and/or bindingagents (e.g., guar gum, sodium alginate or ammonium alginate); and/or ablend of those materials can incorporate tobacco substitutes orextenders. Those materials, and blends incorporating those materials,frequently are composed of greater than about 70 percent tobacco, oftenare greater than about 80 percent tobacco, and generally are greaterthan about 90 percent tobacco, on a dry weight basis, based on thecombined weights of the tobacco, non-tobacco filler material, andnon-tobacco substitute or extender. Those materials can be shreddedtobacco that has been cured and aged (e.g., lamina), and/or thosematerials can be tobacco materials that are in processed forms. It ishighly preferred that essentially all (e.g., virtually 100 percent byweight) of the smokable material be composed of tobacco of some form.

Smokable materials typically are used in forms, and in manners, that aretraditional for the manufacture of smoking articles, such as cigarettes.For example, those materials normally are used in cut filler form (e.g.,shreds or strands of tobacco filler cut into widths of about {fraction(1/10)} inch to about {fraction (1/60)} inch, preferably about {fraction(1/20)} inch to about {fraction (1/35)} inch, and in lengths of about ⅛inch to about 3 inches, usually about ¼ inch to about 1 inch). Tobaccomaterials can include, or can be derived from, various types oftobaccos, such as flue-cured tobacco, burley tobacco, Oriental tobaccoor Maryland tobacco, dark tobacco, dark-fired tobacco and Rusticatobaccos, as well as other rare or specialty tobaccos, or blendsthereof. Descriptions of various types of tobaccos, growing practices,harvesting practices and curing practices are set for in TobaccoProduction, Chemistry and Technology, Davis et al. (Eds.) (1999). Mostpreferably, the tobacco materials are those that have been appropriatelycured and aged.

Typically, tobacco materials are used in a so-called “blended” form. Forexample, certain popular tobacco blends, commonly referred to as“American blends,” comprise mixtures of flue-cured tobacco, burleytobacco and Oriental tobacco. Such blends, in many cases, containtobacco materials that have processed forms, such as processed tobaccostems (e.g., cut-rolled stems, cut-rolled-expanded stems or cut-puffedstems), volume expanded tobacco (e.g., puffed tobacco, such as dry iceexpanded tobacco (DIET), preferably in cut filler form). Tobaccomaterials also can have the form of reconstituted tobaccos (e.g.,reconstituted tobaccos manufactured using paper-making type or castsheet type processes). Tobacco reconstitution processes traditionallyconvert portions of tobacco that normally might be wasted intocommercially useful forms. For example, tobacco stems, recyclable piecesof tobacco and tobacco dust can be used to manufacture processedreconstituted tobaccos of fairly uniform consistency. The precise amountof each type of tobacco within a tobacco blend used for the manufactureof a particular cigarette brand can vary, is a manner of design choice,depending upon factors such as the sensory characteristics desired. See,for example, Tobacco Encyclopedia, Voges (Ed.) p. 44-45 (1984), Browne,The Design of Cigarettes, 3^(rd) Ed., p.43 (1990) and TobaccoProduction, Chemistry and Technology, Davis et al. (Eds.) p. 346 (1999).

Various representative tobacco types, processed types of tobaccos, typesof tobacco blends, cigarette components and cigarette configurations areset forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,836,224 to Lawson et al.; U.S. Pat. No.4,924,888 to Perfetti et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,056,537 to Brown et al.;U.S. Pat. No. 5,159,942 to Brinkley et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,220,930 toGentry; U.S. Pat. No. 5,360,023 to Blakley et al.; and U.S. Pat. No.5,714,844 to Young et al.; U.S. patent applications 2002/0000235 toShafer et al.; 2003/0075193 to Li et al.; and 2003/0131859 to Li et al.;PCT WO 02/37990 to Bereman; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/285,395,filed Oct. 31, 2002, to Lawson et al.; U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/463,211, filed Jun. 17, 2003, to Perfetti et al.; and Bombick et al.,Fund. Appl. Toxicol., 39, p. 11-17 (1997); which are incorporated hereinby reference. One representative American blend is provided by combiningabout 60 to about 70 weight percent flue-cured tobacco lamina, about 12to about 20 weight percent burley tobacco lamina, about 15 to about 20weight percent Oriental tobacco, about 15 to about 20 weight percentreconstituted tobacco sheet manufactured from flue-cured and/or Orientaltobacco leaf, about 20 to about 30 weight percent volume expandedflue-cured tobacco lamina, optionally about 10 to about 15 weightpercent expanded flue-cured tobacco stems, and optionally a casingmaterial in an amount of about 3 to about 5 weight percent. Anotherrepresentative American blend is provided by (i) combining about 20weight parts burley tobacco, about 30 weight parts flue-cured tobacco,about 25 weight parts reconstituted tobacco material (e.g., areconstituted tobacco made using a papermaking process), and about 25weight parts Oriental tobacco; (ii) applying about 3 weight parts of anaqueous casing material, comprised of humectants and flavors, andcutting into filler form; (iii) combining the foregoing with about 30weight parts of a DIET-type expanded tobacco filler (e.g., a blendcomposed of about 65 weight parts expanded flue-cured shredded laminaand about 35 weight parts expanded burley shredded lamina) to preparethe final cut filler; and then (iv) conditioning the blend to a moisturecontent of about 12 to about 13 weight percent. Portions of that blend(e.g., those non-volume expanded tobacco filler components) can be casedand top dressed. Tobacco materials also can be used in an essentially“unblended” form. For example, the tobacco material can be made up of onone type of tobacco (e.g., only burley tobacco or only flue-curedtobacco), or one type of processed tobacco (e.g., only volume expandedtobacco laminae, only reconstituted tobacco cut filler, or only shreddedtobacco stems).

A variety of materials can be used to provide the material for theportion or portions of the smokable rod that is intended to burn toyield tobacco smoke. The selection of tobacco types and tobacco blendscan determine the chemical composition of, and the characteristics of,that aerosol produced when that tobacco or tobacco blend is burned. Thatmaterial incorporates tobacco of some form, normally is composedpredominantly of tobacco, and can be provided by virtually all tobaccomaterial. The form of the smokable material can vary; but mostpreferably the smokable material is employed in an essentiallytraditional filler form (e.g., as cut filler). Smokable materials, suchas processed tobacco materials, can be used in other forms (e.g., aslongitudinally extending strands or as sheets formed into the desiredconfiguration). The smokable material can be treated with tobaccoadditives of the type that are traditionally used for the manufacture ofcigarettes, such as casing and/or top dressing components.

It is desirable to produce a mainstream aerosol that incorporatesrelatively low levels of incomplete combustion products, pyrolysisproducts, and other thermal degradation products of tobacco. However, italso is desirable to provide mainstream aerosol possessing the desirablesensory characteristics traditionally associated with those incompletecombustion products, pyrolysis products, and other thermal degradationproducts of tobacco. For this reason, it is desirable to manufacture asmokable rod that generates a relatively low amount of smoke, and it isdesirable that the smoke so generated, be considered to be highlyflavorful and as having a relatively great degree of strength. Thosetypes of tobaccos can be obtained by selection of certain cultivars(e.g., by employing certain amounts of Bafra, Samsun and Agonya types ofOriental tobaccos). Those types of tobaccos also can be provided bysuitable selection of upper stalk leaves from flue-cured, burley andOriental tobaccos. Those tobaccos and blends incorporating those typesof tobaccos are preferred, because the smoker can be provided withaerosol possessing a desirably high degree of tobacco flavor,organoleptic sensations and satisfaction, while ingesting asignificantly reduced overall amount of smoke generated by the burningof tobacco.

A variety of materials can be used to provide the material for thatportion of the smokable rod that acts as a substrate for the aerosolforming material. That material incorporates tobacco of some form,normally is composed predominantly of tobacco, and can be provided byvirtually all tobacco material. The form of the smokable material canvary; but most preferably the smokable material is employed in anessentially traditional filler form (e.g., as cut filler). Smokablematerials, such as processed tobacco materials, can be used in otherforms (e.g., as longitudinally extending strands or as sheets formedinto the desired configuration). The smokable material can be treatedwith tobacco additives of the type that are traditionally used for themanufacture of cigarettes, such as casing and/or top dressingcomponents. The smokable material can be treated with burn suppressingagent.

A variety of materials can be used to provide the optional section orsegment that is positioned between the smokable rod and the filterelement. The material most preferably is a smokable material. Thematerial can incorporate the same types of components used to providethe materials of the smokable rod that are intended to burn to yieldtobacco smoke, that act as substrates for aerosol forming materials, orthat are treated with burn suppressing agent. The form of the materialcan vary; but most preferably the material is employed in an essentiallytraditional filler form (e.g., as cut filler). That material mostpreferably incorporates tobacco of some form, normally is composedpredominantly of tobacco, and can be provided by virtually all tobaccomaterial. Smokable materials, such as processed tobacco materials, canbe used in other forms (e.g., as longitudinally extending strands or assheets formed into the desired configuration). The material can betreated with tobacco additives of the type that are traditionally usedfor the manufacture of cigarettes, such as casing and/or top dressingcomponents.

At least some portion of the smokable material of the smokable rod istreated with an agent capable of having an effect upon the thermaldecomposition properties of the smokable material with which that agentis in intimate contact; and such an agent is referred to as a “burnsuppressing agent.” That agent preferably is an additive that providesthe smokable material with the ability to char or smolder. That is, anexogenous component is placed in intimate contact with at least someportion of the smokable material of the smokable rod. The presence ofadditive in intimate contact with the smokable material acts to decreasethe tendency of that material to burn, at least under those conditionsexperienced during normal use of the smokable rod. A relatively widevariety of additive materials can be used to achieve such a purpose.See, for example, Fire Retardants, EHC 192 (1997). Smokable material inintimate contact with burn suppressing agent is a smokable material thatis in physical contact with that agent, such that the agent is capableof providing the desired effect to that smokable material. A smokablematerial in intimate contact with burn suppressing agent can be surfacetreated with that agent, or can be treated so that the agent isimpregnated within the physical structure of that material.

Most preferably, the burn suppressing agent is of an effective type, andis employed in an effective amount. That is, the burn suppressing agentis a material, or mixture of materials, that can act to lower theoverall temperature experienced by the smokable material with which thatagent is in intimate contact, and hence can act to effectively inhibitthe propensity or ability of that smokable material to burn, at leastduring normal conditions of use of the smokable rod. Furthermore, theamount of a particular burn suppressing agent with which the smokablematerial is in intimate contact is sufficient to (i) decrease thepropensity of the smokable material to undergo what can be considerednormal burning of that smokable material, (ii) allow smolder, charringor other thermal degradation of the smokable material, and (iii) avoidintroduction of a high degree of thermal decomposition retardantproperties to that smokable material. That is, it is desirable for thesmokable rod to possess some amount of treated smokable material suchthat under conditions of normal use of the smokable rod, the treatedsmokable material (i) undergoes some type of non-complete burning typeof thermal decomposition (e.g., undergoes smolder but does not burn),and (ii) sustains smolder as desired. Typically, undesirable excessaddition of a particular burn suppressing agent to the smokable materialresults in a treated smokable material that tends to not undergo anysignificant visible thermal decomposition (e.g., the smokable materialdoes not sustain smolder). Typically, insufficient addition of aparticular burn suppressing agent to the smokable material results in atreated smokable material that tends to undergo a more completecombustion that is desired.

The burn suppressing agent can vary. Typically, the burn suppressingagent is a material that is compatible with the other components of thesmokable rod. It also is desirable that the burn suppressing agent notintroduce an unacceptable level of undesirable sensory attributes to thesmokable rod, and to the aerosol generated during the use of a cigaretteincorporating that smokable rod. Preferred burn suppressing agents areadditive materials that undergo some type of phase change and/orchemical change when exposed to those conditions of heat and temperaturenormally experienced by smokable materials (e.g., tobacco cut filler) inthe smokable rod when that smokable rod is consumed during normal use.The additive material can be a salt, such as a water soluble salt.Preferred salts are salts possessing alkali metal ions (e.g., sodiumsalts and potassium salts). Exemplary salts include alkali metalcarboxylates (e.g., potassium citrate, potassium succinate, potassiummalate, potassium acetate, potassium tartrate, potassium oxalate, sodiumcitrate, sodium succinate, sodium acetate, and sodium malate). Otherexemplary salts include alkali halides (e.g., sodium chloride andpotassium chloride). Other burn suppressing agents also can includepotassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium borate decahydrate, boricacid, phosphonium salts (e.g., trihydrophosphate acetate), sodiumcarbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonium borate, ammonium sulfamate,monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and ammonium carbamatephosphate. The burn suppressing agent can be composed of one suitablematerial. However, the burn suppressing agent can be composed of amixture of various materials, and depending upon the characteristics ofa particular burn suppressing material, it can be highly desirable toemploy a suitable mixture of materials. For example, burn suppressingagents can be formulations incorporating (i) potassium chloride andpotassium succinate, (ii) sodium citrate, potassium malate and potassiumtartrate, or (iii) boric acid, potassium succinate and potassiumcitrate. See, for example, Mattina, 39^(th) TCRC (1985); TobaccoProduction, Chemistry and Technology, Davis et al. (Eds.) (1999); andLiu et al., Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int., 20: 341-347 (2003).

The amount of exogenous burn suppressing agent that is applied to, orotherwise placed in intimate contact with, the smokable material, canvary. The amount of any particular burn suppressing agent typicallydepends upon the ability of agent to prevent the smokable material fromundergoing a more complete type of burning, while still allowing thatsmokable material to smolder, char, or otherwise undergo some type oflower temperature thermal decomposition. For example, highly effectivealkali metal chlorides generally can be employed in lower amounts thanmoderately effective alkali metal carboxylates. Typically, the optimumamount of burn suppressing agent that is employed for treatment of aparticular smokable material or smokable blend can be determined byexperimentation; and can be in the range of about 1 percent to about 20percent, based on the dry weight of the smokable material with whichthat agent is combined. However, the amount of alkali metal carboxylate,such as potassium citrate, added to a smokable material is such that thesmokable material so placed in intimate contact with such an exogenousadditive frequently possesses at least about 3 percent, often possessesat least about 5 percent, generally possesses at least about 6 percent,usually at least about 8 percent, and sometimes possesses at least about10 percent, of that additive, based on the dry weight of the smokablematerial with which that additive is combined. Generally, the amount ofalkali metal carboxylate, such as potassium citrate, added to a smokablematerial is such that the smokable material so placed in intimatecontact with such an exogenous additive usually possesses less thanabout 20 percent, frequently possesses at less than about 15 percent,and often possesses less than about 13 percent, of that additive, basedon the dry weight of the smokable material with which that additive iscombined.

Modifications to the smokable rod can be made to account for changes inperformance characteristics of that rod due to the presence of the burnsuppressing agent within at least a portion of the smokable material ofthat rod. For example, if use of burn suppressing agent results in theproduction of a smokable rod that exhibits an increased resistance todraw, then the smokable material within that rod can be less tightlypacked and/or an increased level of volume expanded tobacco filler canbe employed within the smokable blend. Alternatively, if a concentricsmokable rod possessing an outer region of smokable material treatedwith burn suppressing agent smolders much slower that the linear rate atwhich the inner core of smokable material burns, then the fillermaterial of the inner core can be more tightly packed and/or chemicaltreatments to the wrapping materials of the concentric rod can act toassist in ensuring that the two segments are consumed at a more evenlinear rate. Furthermore, if a smokable rod possessing smokable materialtreated with burn suppressing agent produces an ash that is overlystrong or undesirably cohesive, then further chemical treatment of thesmokable material and/or the wrapping material of the smokable rod canact to assist in achieving a smokable rod possessing more acceptableashing qualities.

For a smokable rod, the amount of smokable material treated with burnsuppressing agent can vary. Some or all of the smokable material that isa substrate for the aerosol forming material can be treated with burnsuppressing agent. Some or all of the smokable material making up theother portion of the smokable material of the smokable rod can betreated with burn suppressing agent. Typically, for smokable rods havinghigher levels of aerosol forming materials, higher levels of thesmokable materials within those rods can incorporate smokable materialsthat are in intimate contact with burn suppressing agent.

For certain smokable rods, virtually all of the smokable material withinthose rods can be treated with some amount of burn suppressing agent.However, less than 100 percent, generally less than about 90 percent,often less than about 80 percent, and frequently less than about 70percent, of the total dry weight of the smokable material within asmokable rod can be smokable material that has been treated with aneffective amount of burn suppressing agent. Typically, more than about15 percent, generally more than about 20 percent, often at least about25 percent, and frequently more than about 30 percent, of the total dryweight of the smokable material within a smokable rod is smokablematerial that has been treated with an effective amount of burnsuppressing agent.

Smokable material of the smokable rod, including smokable material thatis treated with the intention of causing that material to smolder duringuse, can act as a carrier or substrate for an aerosol forming material.The aerosol forming material can vary, and mixtures of various aerosolforming materials can be used. Representative types of aerosol formingmaterials are set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,793,365 to Sensabaugh, Jr. etal.; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,101,839 to Jakob et al.; PCT WO 98/57556 toBiggs et al.; and Chemical and Biological Studies on New CigarettePrototypes that Heat Instead of Burn Tobacco, R. J. Reynolds TobaccoCompany Monograph (1988); which are incorporated herein by reference. Apreferred aerosol forming material produces a visible aerosol upon theapplication of sufficient heat thereto, and a highly preferred aerosolforming material produces an aerosol that can be considered to be“smoke-like.” A preferred aerosol forming material is chemically simple,relative to the chemical nature of the smoke produced by burningtobacco. A highly preferred aerosol forming material is a polyol, suchas glycerin.

The smokable material composition most preferably is composedpredominantly of tobacco of some form of tobacco and aerosol formingmaterial, based on the dry weight of that composition. That is, themajority of the dry weight of that composition is provided by tobaccoand aerosol forming material. Such a composition frequently is composedof greater than about 70 percent tobacco and aerosol forming material,often greater than about 75 percent tobacco and aerosol formingmaterial, and generally greater than about 85 percent tobacco andaerosol forming material, on a dry weight basis. However, due to thepresence of other ingredients within the smokable material composition(e.g., flavoring agents), such a composition can be composed of lessthan about 95 percent tobacco and aerosol forming material, on a dryweight basis.

The amount of aerosol forming material employed relative to the dryweight of smokable material present in a smokable rod can vary. For asmokable rod, the amount of aerosol forming material present in that rodis more than about 2 percent, and generally is more than about 3percent, of the combined dry weight of the aerosol forming material andtobacco material within that rod. For a preferred smokable rod, theamount of aerosol forming material present in that rod typically is atleast about 5 percent, generally is at least about 10 percent, often isat least about 15 percent, frequently is at least about 20 percent, andeven can be at least about 25 percent, of the combined dry weight of theaerosol forming material and tobacco material within that rod. For apreferred smokable rod, the amount of aerosol forming material presentin that rod typically does not exceed about 65 percent, generally doesnot exceed about 60 percent, often does not exceed about 55 percent, andfrequently does not exceed about 50 percent, of the combined dry weightof the aerosol forming material and tobacco material in that rod.Smokable materials possessing exceedingly high levels of aerosol formingmaterial typically are difficult to process into cigarette rods usingconventional types of automated cigarette manufacturing equipment.

Cast sheet types of smokable materials typically can incorporaterelatively high levels aerosol forming material. Reconstituted tobaccosmanufactured using paper-making types of processes typically canincorporate moderate levels of aerosol forming material. Tobacco stripand tobacco cut fuller can incorporate lower amounts of aerosol formingmaterial. For processed materials, such as cast sheet materials andpaper-type reconstituted tobaccos, tobacco pulp materials that areextracted with aqueous liquids can be used as components thereof. Theremoval of essentially all or some fraction of the water solublecomponents of tobacco can assist in providing a processed material thatis capable of acting as an effective substrate for higher levels ofaerosol forming material. In addition, dusting processed materials withdry tobacco powders can assist in providing processed materials havingrelatively high levels of glycerin while not demonstrating overly tackyor sticky characteristics. Cast sheet materials, and particularly castsheet materials incorporating certain amounts of tobacco pulp materialsthat have extracted with water, often can comprise up to about 65percent, often up to about 60 percent, and frequently up to about 55percent, aerosol forming material, based on the dry weight of thetobacco and aerosol forming material in the material so produced.Paper-type reconstituted tobacco materials, and particularly thosematerials incorporating certain amounts of tobacco pulp materials thathave extracted with water, and not reapplying some or all of the watersoluble extract components back to that pulp, often can comprise up toabout 55 percent, often up to about 50 percent, and frequently up toabout 45 percent, aerosol forming material, based on the dry weight ofthe tobacco and aerosol forming material in the material so produced. Amaterial produced by spraying tobacco strip or cut filler with aerosolforming material often does not comprise more than about 20 percent, andfrequently does not comprise more than about 15 percent, aerosol formingmaterial, based on the dry weight of the tobacco and aerosol formingmaterial of the material so produced.

Other types of materials incorporating relatively high levels of aerosolforming material can be incorporated into a smokable material blend.Formed, encapsulated or microencapsulated materials can be employed.Such types of materials are composed primarily of aerosol formingmaterial, and those materials can incorporate some amount and form oftobacco. An example of such a type of material is a film produced bycasting and drying an aqueous solution of about 70 weight parts glycerinand about 30 weight parts binder (e.g., citrus pectin, ammoniumalginate, sodium alginate or guar gum), and then surface coating thatfilm with about 2 weight parts of a finely divided powder that isprovided by milling tobacco lamina.

Smokable materials having appropriate amounts of aerosol formingmaterials can be processed efficiently and effectively usingconventional types of automated cigarette making machinery. Overly highlevels of aerosol forming material can cause the smokable material toexhibit a sticky or tacky behavior. Increased levels of aerosol formingmaterial in processed tobaccos having acceptable physicalcharacteristics can be accomplished providing processed tobaccos thatare deficient in the amount of water soluble extract components, andusing aerosol forming material to replace that amount of tobacco extractportion that has been removed from that processed tobacco. Higher levelsof binder also can be used to provide processed materials incorporatingrelatively high levels of aerosol forming material. Processed materialsincorporating relatively high levels of aerosol forming material alsocan be surface treated using dried, finely ground tobacco particles,such as is set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 5,101,839 to Jakob et al.Alternatively, a tobacco material having a relatively high loading levelof aerosol forming material can be dried (e.g., by subjecting thetobacco material to a flow of hot air) to a moisture content of about 4percent to about 5 percent, by weight; the dried tobacco then can beprocessed to form smokable rods; and then the smokable rods can bere-equilibrated to a moisture content of about 12 to about 13 weightpercent.

If desired, the smokable material that is intended to burn and/or thesmokable material that is intended to smolder can be treated with otheradditive agents. Those materials optionally can be ammoniated (e.g., bytreatment with anhydrous ammonia, aqueous ammonium hydroxide, orammonium salts such as diammonium phosphate). Alternatively thosematerials can be absent, or virtually absent, of any type of addedammonia (e.g., whether by treatment with anhydrous ammonia, aqueousammonium hydroxide, or ammonium salts such as diammonium phosphate).Those materials also can be treated with other additives, such aspotassium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate. Other materials, such ascatalytic agents, nanoparticle compositions, and the like, also can beincorporated within any of the smokable materials of the smokable rod.See, for example, the types of components set forth in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 10/382,244, filed Mar. 5, 2003, to Crooks et al.Typically, the smokable material is not treated with more that about 5percent of any of those additive agents, based on the dry weight oftobacco material within that smokable material.

The manner by which the aerosol forming material, burn suppressingagent, and other additive agents are contacted with the substratematerial (e.g., the tobacco material) can vary. The burn suppressingagent and/or aerosol forming material can be applied to a formed tobaccomaterial, or can be incorporated into processed tobacco materials duringmanufacture of those materials. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No.5,249,588 to Brown et al. The burn suppressing agent and/or aerosolforming material can be dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous liquid, orother suitable solvent or liquid carrier, and sprayed onto thatsubstrate material. Casing techniques and equipment are useful for suchtypes of applications. Aerosol forming materials having liquid forms canbe sprayed directly onto that substrate material. The materials can beapplied in one spraying step, or multiple spraying and drying steps canbe employed to provide the desired level of additive formulation to thetobacco material. Those materials can be sprayed onto volume expandedtobacco materials, such as DIET-type expanded tobacco filler, steamexpanded tobacco stems or cut rolled expanded stems. Exogenousmaterials, aerosol forming materials, and other additives can be placedin intimate contact with tobacco materials by processing tobaccomaterials using the manners and methods set forth in U.S. Pat. No.5,025,812 to Fagg et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,065,775 to Fagg; U.S. Pat. No.5,131,414 to Fagg et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,234,008 to Fagg; U.S. Pat. No.5,360,022 to Newton et al.; which are incorporated herein by reference.Exogenous materials, aerosol forming materials, and other additives canbe placed in intimate contact with reconstituted tobacco materialsmanufactured using a paper-making type reconstitution process byapplying those additives to a formed sheet, during and/or after themanufacturing process associated with that sheet; or by incorporatingthose additives into that sheet during the manufacture of that sheetusing the general types of techniques set forth in U.S. Pat. No.5,159,942 to Brinkley et al. Processed tobacco materials incorporatingaerosol forming materials and other exogenous materials are set forth inU.S. Pat. No. 5,105,836 to Gentry et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,327,917 toLekwauwa et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,101,839 to Jakob et al.; U.S. Pat. No.5,271,419 to Young et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,598,868 to Jakob et al. andU.S. Pat. No. 5,715,844 to Young et al.; which are incorporated hereinby reference. Cast sheet types of materials can use a variety of bindingagents, including for example, guar gum, xanthan gum, locust bean gum,carrageenans, tragacanths, alginates (e.g., ammonium alginate), andblends of materials (e.g., a blend of xanthan, guar and locust beangums). Cast sheet type materials can have single layer forms ormulti-layer forms. For example, a three layer sheet can possess outerlayers comprised principally of tobacco material and binding agent, andan inner or center layer comprised principally of aerosol formingmaterial, a calcium source, and an alginate binder. Multilayer sheetmaterials can be produced using the types of extrusion equipmentavailable from Cloeren Incorporated.

The aerosol forming material can be in intimate contact with a processedtobacco material that is processed such that at least a portion of asolvent soluble portion of the tobacco material is removed therefrom andsuch that the processed tobacco material is a substrate for the aerosolforming material. Cast sheet materials incorporating aerosol formingmaterial can be manufactured from water extracted tobacco pulp, and theaerosol forming material incorporated into the resulting processed casttobacco material can replace at least a portion of the tobacco extractportion that is not incorporated within the resulting processed casttobacco material. Reconstituted tobacco paper-type sheet incorporatingaerosol forming material can be manufactured by forming water extractedpulp and applying a mixture of water soluble tobacco extract and aerosolforming material to that pulp. For example, for tobacco materials havinghot water soluble contents of about 45 weight percent, formed waterextracted pulp portions can have mixtures of glycerin and aqueoustobacco extract applied that can be comprised of (i) about 5 weightparts glycerin and about 40 weight parts tobacco extract, (ii) about 10weight parts glycerin and about 35 weight parts tobacco extract, (iii)about 15 weight parts glycerin and about 30 weight parts tobaccoextract, (iv) about 20 weight parts glycerin and about 25 weight partstobacco extract, (v) about 25 weight parts glycerin and about 20 weightparts tobacco extract, (vi) about 30 weight parts glycerin and about 15weight parts tobacco extract, (vii) about 35 weight parts glycerin andabout 10 weight parts tobacco extract, or (viii) about 40 weight partsglycerin and about 5 parts tobacco extract.

It is desirable that the smokable materials (and particularly thosematerials that are treated with burn suppressing agent) not incorporateinorganic filler material. That is, it is preferred that exogenousinorganic filler materials are not added to, or incorporated within,processed materials that are used in carrying out the present invention.Inorganic filler materials can be considered to be those materials thatprovide some type of bulk to a processed material with which thosefiller materials are associated, or into which those filler materialsare incorporated. Typical inorganic materials are used in particulateform. Exemplary inorganic filler materials are calcium carbonate,perlite, vermiculite, diatomaceous earth materials, colloidal silica,magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, and other typesinorganic filler materials.

If desired, the smokable materials and other associated materials can betreated with additives in order to improve the ashing characteristics ofthe smokable rod, or otherwise improve the performance characteristicsof that rod. For example, either or both of the materials that make upthe inner core or outer portion of the concentric smokable rod can betreated with additives that provide improved ashing characteristics tothat rod. Exemplary additives that improve the ashing characteristics ofthe rod are monoammonium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodiumphosphate, monoammonium acetate, sodium carbonate, and attapulgite clay.Those additives typically are added to the relevant material beingtreated in amounts of less than about 5 percent, generally less thanabout 3 percent, based on the dry weight of the material being treated.

For a concentric smokable rod, at least some of the smokable materialthat is used to provide the segment that is intended to smolder istreated with burn suppressing agent. In such a circumstance, thesmokable material that is treated with burn suppressing agent also canbe blended with other materials (e.g., tobacco cut filler) that have notbeen treated with burn suppressing agent. The smokable material that istreated with burn suppression agent can comprise the predominant amountof the portion of the co-axial or concentric rod that is intended tosmolder. For example, regions of the smokable rod that are intended tosmolder or char during use preferably comprise less than about 30percent, generally less than about 20 percent, and often less than about10 percent, of material (e.g., tobacco cut filler) that has not beentreated with burn suppressing agent, based on the total combined dryweight of those smokable materials that are treated and untreated withburn suppressing agent. A smokable material that acts as a substrate forthe aerosol forming material can be treated with burn suppressing agent.A smokable material that is not used as a substrate for the aerosolforming material can be treated with burn suppressing agent. If desired,two or more smokable materials, each treated with different amountsand/or different types of burn suppressing agents, can be blendedtogether. If desired, two or more smokable materials, each treated withdifferent amounts and/or different types of burn suppressing agents, canbe used in different locations within the smokable rod.

The amount of aerosol forming material and burn suppressing agent thatis used within the smokable rod is such that the smokable rod exhibitsacceptable sensory properties. It is desirable for those components tonot introduce significant degrees of unacceptable off-taste, filmymouthfeel, or an overall sensory experience that is significantlydifferent from that of a traditional type of cigarette. The selection ofthe burn selection agent, the amount of burn suppressing agent used, andthe amount of tobacco material not treated with burn suppressing agentrelative to the amount of tobacco material that is treated, can bealtered in order to control the overall chemical composition of theaerosol produced by that tobacco material.

Any or all of the smokable material of the smokable rod can furtherinclude other added components. For a concentric smokable rod, smokablematerials that comprise the optional segment, and/or either or both ofthe core and outer portions of that smokable rod, can further includeother added components. Those added components include casing materials.See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,419,015 to Wochnowski; U.S. Pat. No.4,054,145 to Berndt et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,887,619 to Burcham, Jr. etal.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,022,416 to Watson; U.S. Pat. No. 5,103,842 toStrang et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,711,320 to Martin. Typical casingmaterials include water, sugars and syrups (e.g., sucrose, glucose andhigh fructose corn syrup), humectants (e.g. glycerin or propyleneglycol), and flavoring agents (e.g., cocoa and licorice). Those addedcomponents also include top dressing materials (e.g., flavoringmaterials, such as menthol). See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,449,541to Mays et al. Additives also can be added to the smokable materialsusing the types of equipment described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,995,405 toLettau or that are available as Menthol Application System MAS from KohlMaschinenbau GmbH. The selection of particular casing and top dressingcomponents is dependent upon factors such as the sensory characteristicsthat are desired, and the selection and use of those components will bereadily apparent to those skilled in the art of cigarette design andmanufacture. See, Gutcho, Tobacco Flavoring Substances and Methods,Noyes Data Corp. (1972) and Leffingwell et al., Tobacco Flavoring forSmoking Products (1972). Because it is desirable to manufacture asmokable rod that generates a relatively low amount of smoke deriveddirectly from burning tobacco, it can be desirable to employ flavoringsand flavor packages that provide flavor, strength and body to an aerosolthat might be otherwise perceived as having overall sensory attributesthat can be characterized as being an overly bland, weak, mild orunsatisfying. In addition, because it is desirable to manufacture asmokable rod that generates a relatively low amount thermaldecomposition products derived directly that is considered to be tobaccothat is high in flavor and strength, it can be desirable to employflavorings and flavor packages that ameliorate some of the negativesensory attributes that might be associated with that aerosol. Forexample, tobacco that generates smoke that might be considered to beoverly harsh or irritating can be combined with organic acids, such aslevulinic acid, pyruvic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid,malic acid and/or ascorbic acid (e.g., tobacco that produces smoke thatmight be considered harsh or irritating can be combined with a topdressing formulation incorporating equal amounts of pyruvic acid, lacticacid and levulinic acid, and such top dressing formulation can beemployed in an amount sufficient improve the sensory attributes of themainstream smoke generated by that tobacco). See also, for example, thetypes of organic acids set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,836,224 to Lawson etal.

The amount of smokable material employed to manufacture the smokable rodcan vary. For a typical concentric smokable rod of the type describedpreviously with reference to FIGS. 1 through 3, inner core region canpossess a greater amount, a lesser amount, or the same amount ofsmokable material as does the outer region that encircles that innercore. However, for a representative type of concentric smokable rod, theamount of smokable material in the inner core region generally isbetween about 100 mg and about 250 mg; while the amount of smokablematerial in the outer region that encircles the core region generally isbetween about 500 mg and about 1,000 mg. This is, the weight of theinner region typically is less than the weight of the outer region.Furthermore, for a typical concentric smokable rod, the packing densityof the smokable material of the inner core region is less than thepacking density of the smokable material in the outer region thatencircles the core region. The smokable material normally is employed soas to fill the inner core region of the smokable rod at a packingdensity of less than about 400 mg/cm³, and generally less than about 350mg/cm³; while the packing density of the smokable material in that innercore region generally exceeds about 100 mg/cm³, and often exceeds about150 mg/cm³. The smokable material normally is employed so as to fill theregion surrounding the inner rod of the smokable rod at a packingdensity of less than about 650 mg/cm³, generally less than about 600mg/cm³, and often less than about 550 mg/cm³; while the packing densityof the smokable material in that outer region encircling the inner coreregion normally exceeds about 250 mg/cm³, generally exceeds about 300mg/cm³, and often exceeds about 350 mg/cm³. For a typical smokable rodof the type described previously with reference to FIG. 4, the packingdensity of the smokable material within the rod generally is greaterthan about 100 mg/cm³, and often is greater than 150 mg/cm³; while thepacking density of the smokable material within the rod generally isless than about 300 mg/cm³, and often is less than about 250 mg/cm³.

For a concentric smokable rod, the inner core material and the outercircumscribing material are in a heat exchange relationship with oneanother. The physical arrangement of those materials is such that heatis transferred (e.g., by means that includes conductive heat transfer)from the burning smokable material to the adjacent treated tobaccomaterial, throughout the period that the smokable material is burnedduring use of smokable rod. Typically, the heat exchange relationship isachieved by positioning those components in close proximity to oneanother. For example, the inner wrapping material of the smokable rod isused to separate the inner and outer materials from one another.

The smokable material typically burns at a relatively high temperature.Typical smokable materials, such as tobacco cut filler materials, oftenburn such that maximum coal temperature of a cigarette incorporatingthose materials reaches about 850° C., and sometimes reaches about 950°C. Typical smokable materials that are treated with suitable amounts ofsuitable burn suppressing agent typically undergo thermal decomposition(e.g., as smolder or char) at temperatures that usually exceed about450° C., often exceed about 500° C., and frequently exceed about 550° C.Typical smokable materials, such as tobacco cut filler materials, thatare treated with suitable amounts of suitable burn suppressing agent,can generate maximum coal temperatures that do not exceed about 750° C.,often do not exceed 700° C., and sometimes do not exceed about 650° C.See, for example, The Chemistry of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke, Schmeltz(ed.) (1972); Baker, Prog. Ener. Combust. Sci., 7: 135-153 (1981);Proceedings of the International Conference on the Physical and ChemicalProcesses Occurring in a Burning Cigarette (Apr. 26-29, 1987); andTobacco Production, Chemistry and Technology, Davis et al. (Eds.) p.398-439 (1999). Typically, maximum coal temperatures during periods ofsmolder are lower than maximum coal temperatures during periods of draw.See, for example, Lyman et al., Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int., 20: 381-388(2003).

The temperatures to which the aerosol forming material and associatedsubstrate material are exposed during use of the smokable rod can vary.Substrate materials can be treated with suitable amounts of suitableburn suppressing agents. For example, appropriately treated substratematerials, such as treated tobacco containing smokable materials, whenincorporated into smokable rods, generally undergo smolder or char attemperatures that usually exceed about 450° C., often exceed about 500°C., and frequently exceed about 550° C. Typical appropriately treatedsubstrate materials, when incorporated into smokable rods, generatemaximum coal temperatures that do not exceed about 750° C., often do notexceed 700° C., and frequently do not exceed about 650° C.

Smokable materials that are components of the smokable rod (e.g.,tobacco materials), and that burn, produce smoke that is made up ofgases and particulate materials, and that smoke contains volatilizedcomponents of the smokable material, combustion products (e.g., carbondioxide and water), incomplete combustion products and products ofpyrolysis. Materials that are components of the smokable rod (e.g.,treated tobacco materials), and that have a tendency not to burn, butrather exhibit a propensity to smolder or char, produce thermaldecomposition products. Typically, the levels of combustion products(e.g., in particular, carbon dioxide) generated by materials treatedwith burn suppressing agents and that undergo smolder or char, ratherthan a more complete burning, are considerably less than those levels ofcombustion products generated by the burning of similar materials thatare not treated with burn suppressing agents.

The outer wrapping material can vary. Preferably, the outer wrappingmaterial is a paper material, such as the type of paper materialtypically used in cigarette manufacture. The wrapping material can havea wide range of compositions and properties. The selection of aparticular wrapping material will be readily apparent to those skilledin the art of cigarette design and manufacture. Smokable rods can haveone layer of wrapping material; or smokable rods can have more than onelayer of circumscribing wrapping material, such as is the case for theso-called “double wrap” smokable rods. The wrapping material can becomposed of materials, or be suitably treated, in order that thewrapping material does not experience a visible staining as a result ofcontact with components of the smokable material (e.g., aerosol formingmaterial). Exemplary types of wrapping materials, wrapping materialcomponents and treated wrapping materials are described in U.S. Pat. No.5,105,838 to White et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,271,419 to Arzonico et al.and U.S. Pat. No. 5,220,930 to Gentry; PCT WO 01/08514 to Fournier etal.; PCT WO 03/043450 to Hajaligol et al.; U.S. patent application2003/0114298 to Woodhead et al.; U.S. patent application 2003/0131860 toAshcraft et al.; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/324,418, filedDec. 20, 2002; Ser. No. 10/440,290, filed May 16, 2003; and Ser. No.10/645,996, filed Aug. 22, 2003; which are incorporated herein byreference in their entireties. Representative outer wrapping materialsare commercially available as R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Grades 119,170, 419, 453, 454, 456, 465, 466, 490, 525, 535, 557, 652, 664, 672,676 and 680 from Schweitzer-Maudit International. Wrapping materials canbe treated so as to avoid visible spotting and staining caused byrelatively high levels of aerosol forming material. Untreatedconventional types of wrapping materials for smokable rods can have thepropensity to exhibit spotting and staining caused by the presence ofaerosol forming material for tobacco materials sprayed with more thanabout 5 weight percent aerosol forming material, for paper-typereconstituted tobacco materials incorporating more than about 15 weightpercent aerosol forming material, and for cast sheet reconstitutedtobacco materials incorporating more than about 35 weight percentaerosol forming material. Colored wrapping materials (e.g., browncolored papers) can be employed. The porosity of the outer wrappingmaterial can vary, and normally is at least about 5 CORESTA units,generally is at least about 10 CORESTA units, often is at least about 15CORESTA units, and frequently is a least about 20 CORESTA units. Theporosity of the outer wrapping material normally is less than about 100CORESTA units, often is less than about 90 CORESTA units, and frequentlyis less than about 80 CORESTA units.

The inner wrapping material can vary. Preferably, the inner wrappingmaterial is a paper material, such as the type of paper materialtypically used in cigarette manufacture. Exemplary types of wrappingmaterials, wrapping material components and treated wrapping materialsare of the types that are set forth previously as being exemplary of theouter wrapping material. Selection of component materials, dyes, or theaddition of tobacco components to the wrapping material can provide thatwrapping material with a brown color, and hence render that wrappingmaterial less visibly noticeable. Reconstituted tobacco materials alsocan be used as the inner wrapping materials, and representativereconstituted tobacco materials useful as wrapping materials forsmokable rods are set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 5,074,321 to Gentry et al.;U.S. Pat. No. 5,159,944 to Arzonico et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,261,425 toRaker; U.S. Pat. No. 5,462,073 to Bowen; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,699,812 toBowen; which are incorporated herein by reference. The inner wrappingmaterial also can be a cast sheet type of reconstituted tobaccomaterial, including such a material incorporating a relatively highlevel of aerosol forming material.

The porosity of the inner wrapping material can vary. The porosity ofthe inner wrapping material frequently is between about 0 CORESTA unitand about 100 CORESTA units, often is between about 10 CORESTA units andabout 90 CORESTA units, and frequently is between about 20 CORESTA unitsand about 80 CORESTA units. The porosity of the inner wrapping materialcan exceed 100 CORESTA units, often can exceed about 200 CORESTA units,and frequently can exceed about 500 CORESTA units. Highly porous papershave porosities that can exceed about 1,000 CORESTA units, often canexceed about 3,000 CORESTA units, and frequently can exceed about 5,000CORESTA units. Certain highly porous papers can exceed about 10,000CORESTA units. Exemplary highly porous papers are available fromSchweitzer-Maudit International as Porowrap Plug Wrap 17-M1, 33-M1,45-M1, 65-M9, 95-M9, 150-M4, 260-M4 and 260-M4T. Representative types ofhighly porous wrappers for use in the manufacture of smokable rods aredescribed in Canadian Pat. No. 1,235,039. If desired, inner wrappingmaterials can be electrostatically perforated to provide wrappingmaterials having high net porosities.

Smokable rods can possess outer and inner wrapping materials that arethe same, or the wrapping materials can be different from one another. Asmokable rod can possess outer wrapping material that exhibits aporosity that is the same as that of the inner wrapping material, isless than that of the inner wrapping material, or is greater than thatof the inner wrapping material.

The mouth end piece can vary. Preferred mouth end pieces have the formof filter elements. Representative filter element components and designsare described in Browne, The Design of Cigarettes, 3^(rd) Ed. (1990);Tobacco Production, Chemistry and Technology, Davis et al. (Eds.) 1999;U.S. Pat. No. 4,508,525 to Berger; U.S. Pat. No. 4,807,809 to Pryor etal.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,920,990 to Lawrence et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,012,829to Thesing et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,025,814 to Raker; U.S. Pat. No.5,074,320 to Jones, Jr. et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,101,839 to Jakob et al.;U.S. Pat. No. 5,105,834 to Saintsing et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,105,838 toWhite et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,271,419 to Arzonico et al.; U.S. Pat. No.5,360,023 to Blakley et al; U.S. Pat. No. 5,595,218 to Koller et al.;U.S. Pat. No. 5,718,250 to Banerjee et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,537,186to Veluz; U.S. patent applications 2002/0014453 to Lilly, Jr. et al.;2002/0020420 to Xue et al.; 2002/0166563 to Jupe et al.; and2003/0168070 to Xue et al.; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/600,712,filed Jun. 23, 2003, to Dube et al.; PCT WO 02/37990 to Bereman; PCT WO03/059096 to Paine et al.; and European Patent No. 920816.Representative filter materials can be manufactured from tow materials(e.g., cellulose acetate or polypropylene tow) or gathered web materials(e.g., gathered webs of paper, cellulose acetate, polypropylene orpolyester). Certain filter elements can have relatively high removalefficiencies for selected gas phase components of the mainstreamaerosol. Certain filter elements can have relatively low filtrationefficiencies for the volatilized aerosol forming material.

For cigarettes of the present invention that are air diluted orventilated, the amount or degree of air dilution or ventilation canvary. Frequently, the amount of air dilution for an air dilutedcigarette is greater than about 10 percent, generally is greater thanabout 20 percent, often is greater than about 30 percent, and sometimesis greater than about 40 percent. Typically, the upper level for airdilution for an air diluted cigarette is less than about 80 percent, andoften is less than about 70 percent. As used herein, the term “airdilution” is the ratio (expressed as a percentage) of the volume of airdrawn through the air dilution means to the total volume and air andaerosol drawn through the cigarette and exiting the extreme mouth endportion of the cigarette. Higher air dilution levels can act to reducethe transfer efficiency of aerosol forming material into mainstreamaerosol.

Preferred cigarettes of the present invention exhibit desirableresistance to draw. For example, an exemplary cigarette exhibits apressure drop of between about 50 and about 200 mm water pressure dropat 17.5 cc/sec. air flow. Preferred cigarettes exhibit pressure dropvalues of between about 60 mm and about 180, more preferably betweenabout 70 mm to about 150 mm, water pressure drop at 17.5 cc/sec. airflow. Typically, pressure drop values of cigarettes are measured using aFiltrona Filter Test Station (CTS Series) available form FiltronaInstruments and Automation Ltd. or a Quality Test Module (QTM) availablefrom the Cerulean Division of Molins, PLC

Cigarettes of the present invention, when smoked, yield an acceptablenumber of puffs. Such cigarettes normally provide more than about 6puffs, and generally more than about 8 puffs, per cigarette, when smokedunder FTC smoking conditions. Such cigarettes normally provide less thanabout 15 puffs, and generally less than about 12 puffs, per cigarette,when smoked under FTC smoking conditions. FTC smoking conditions consistof 35 ml puffs of 2 second duration separated by 58 seconds of smolder.

Cigarettes of the present invention, when smoked, yield mainstreamaerosol. The amount of mainstream aerosol that is yielded per cigarettecan vary. When smoked under FTC smoking conditions, an exemplarycigarette yields an amount of FTC “tar” that normally is at least about1 mg, often is at least about 3 mg, and frequently is at least about 5mg. When smoked under FTC smoking conditions, an exemplary cigaretteyields an amount of FTC “tar” that normally does not exceed about 25 mg,often does not exceed about 20 mg, and frequently does not exceed about15 mg.

Preferred cigarettes exhibit yields of FTC “tar” to FTC nicotine of lessthan about 30. Preferred cigarettes exhibit yields of FTC “tar” to FTCnicotine of more than about 5. Preferred cigarettes exhibit yields ofFTC “tar” to FTC carbon monoxide of less than about 2. Techniques fordetermining FTC “tar” and FTC nicotine are set forth in Pillsbury etal., J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 52, 458-462 (1969). Techniques fordetermining FTC carbon monoxide are set forth in Horton et al., J.Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 57, 1-7 (1974).

Aerosols that are produced by cigarettes of the present invention arethose that are composed of air containing components such as vapors,gases, suspended particulates, and the like. Aerosol components aregenerated by burning tobacco of some form (and optionally othercomponents that are burned to generate heat), as well as by thermaldecomposition of tobacco caused by heating tobacco, smoldering tobacco,and charring tobacco. Aerosol components also are generated by theaction of heat from burning tobacco of some form (and optionally othercomponents that are burned to generate heat), upon substances that arelocated in a heat exchange relationship with tobacco material that isburned and other components that are burned. Preferred aerosols arevisible, and most preferably are those aerosols perceived to be“smoke-like.”

The composition of the mainstream aerosol can vary. A preferred smokablerod of the present invention provides an aerosol composed of asignificant amount of components that are chemically simple (e.g.,comprising components such as air, water, aerosol forming material,oxides of carbon, vaporized flavors, and volatilized or other types ofcomponents resulting from the thermal decomposition of a tobaccomaterial). In situations in which some or all of the tobacco material istreated with burn suppressing agent, those components can be formed atrelatively low thermal decomposition temperatures. The mainstreamaerosol is composed of reduced amounts of certain incomplete products ofcombustion, and pyrolysis products derived from the burning ofsubstances such as tobacco, as compared to the mainstream smoke producedby burning conventional blends of tobacco cut filler in traditionaltypes of tobacco burning cigarettes. Collected condensate of themainstream aerosol typically possesses a significant amount of water.For example, collected condensate of the mainstream aerosol of afiltered cigarette of the present invention frequently can be composedof greater than about 15 percent water, and often can be composed ofgreater than about 20 percent water, based on the weight of thatcollected condensate.

The amount of aerosol forming material within the mainstream smoke ofcigarettes of the present invention can vary. The transfer efficiency ofaerosol forming material typically is lower, when higher levels ofaerosol forming material are incorporated into the smokable rod suchthat the aerosol forming material is in intimate contact with at least aportion of the smokable material within that rod. The transferefficiency of aerosol forming material typically is less than about 15percent, generally less than about 12 percent, often less than about 8percent, and frequently less than about 5 percent, for cigarettes thatare smoked under FTC smoking conditions. For typical cigarettemainstream smoke condensate that is collected during smoking, the amountof aerosol forming material within that condensate usually makes up atleast about 30 percent, generally at least about 40 percent, frequentlyat least about 50 percent, often at least about 60 percent, andsometimes at least about 70 percent, of the total dry weight thereof.For condensate that is collected, the amount of aerosol forming materialwithin that condensate typically makes up less than about 90 percent,and generally less than about 85 percent, frequently less than about 75percent, of the total dry weight thereof. See, for example, Laurene etal., Tob. Sci., 9: 1-4 (1965).

EXPERIMENTAL

The following examples are provided in order to further illustratevarious aspects of the invention but should not be construed as limitingthe scope thereof. Unless otherwise noted, all parts and percentages areby weight.

The cigarettes of Example 1 through 5 are prepared as follows. A 100 mmby 25 mm block of “Teflon” brand tetrafluoropolyethylene is positionedin a drill press. A 25 mm circumference hole is drilled through the 100mm length of the block. The block is cut in half length-wise through thecenter of the bored hole. Piano hinges are mounted on the block so thatthe resulting device can be opened length-wise and can securely hold asmokable rod having a circumference of 25 mm. Filtered cigarettes of thedesired sizes and dimensions are prepared employing a drill press. Aformed tobacco rod possessing an outer wrapping material containingtobacco cut filler, or a formed cigarette possessing a filter elementattached to a rod possessing an outer wrapping material containingtobacco cut filler, is provided. The tobacco rod or the cigarette isplaced into device, and the device is secured into the base of the drillpress. A smooth pointed plastic dowel rod of about 18 mm circumferenceis placed into the chuck of the drill press, the drill press is turnedon, the dowel is slowly plunged down into the tobacco rod that issecured within the device, the dowel rod is allowed to spin slowly inplace for about one minute, and then the dowel rod is slowly removed. Astraw plastic tube of similar diameter to the dowel rod is slid into thecavity produced so produced within the tobacco rod. In this way, thetobacco filler within the tobacco rod is compressed to form an annulussurrounding the straw. The depth of the cavity produced is determined bythe depth that the dowel rod is displaced into the cigarette. Cigarettesof Examples 1 and 2 are produced by plunging the dowel rod the entirelength of the tobacco rod, thereby forming inner and outer radiallydisposed segments that run the entire length of the smokable rod.Cigarettes of Examples 3 through 5 are produced in a similar manner soas to form a cavity of about 50 mm in depth, while allowing for thepresence of a cylindrical tobacco filler segment of about 7 mm inlength. For the cigarettes of Examples 3 through 5, those segments arepositioned adjacent to the filter elements of those cigarettes. A formedinner rod, or filler material for an inner core section, is insertedinto the bored hollow region occupied by the straw as the straw isremoved from the bored cigarette rod. As such, a cigarette having asmokable rod possessing a co-axial or concentric construction can beprovided.

EXAMPLE 1

A cigarette of the general type described previously with reference toFIG. 1 is provided. The cigarette has a total length of about 84 mm. Thecigarette possesses a smokable rod having a length of about 57 mm and afilter element having a length of about 27 mm. When viewed end on, thecigarette has a generally circular cross-sectional shape. Thecircumference of the smokable rod is about 25 mm.

The inner rod having a generally cylindrical shape is produced bywrapping the smokable material in a wrapping material. The wrappingmaterial circumscribes the smokable material such that the wrappingmaterial and smokable material each extend along the total length of therod. The wrapping material provides the outer longitudinal surface ofthe inner rod, and due to the tubular shape of the wrapping material,each end is open to expose the smokable material within that rod. Therod has a length of about 57 mm and a circumference of about 14 mm.

The wrapping material of the inner rod is a 17 mm wide cigarette paperwrapper. The paper wrapper is composed of wood pulp and calciumcarbonate. The paper wrapping material has a dry basis weight of about25 g/m², a porosity of about 38 CORESTA units, and is available asTercig LK38 from Tervakoski. The paper wrapper is a type that has beenconventionally used for tobacco rod manufacture by R. J. ReynoldsTobacco Company. The wrapping material and side seam adhesive of theinner rod have a combined weight about 27 mg.

The smokable material of the inner rod is a blend of various types oftobaccos, and is the type of blend known as an “American blend.” Theblend is that type of cased and top dressed tobacco cut filler blendused for the commercial manufacture of cigarettes that are availablefrom R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company. Each of the cut filler materialsare shredded materials that are cut into pieces at about 28 cuts perinch. The blend contains about 17 percent burley tobacco lamina, about34 percent flue-cured tobacco lamina, about 21 percent reconstitutedtobacco material manufactured using the paper-type reconstitutionprocess employed by R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company and known as “G-7,”and about 16 percent Oriental tobacco. The blend is a smokable materialthat is composed of virtually all tobacco, and no tobacco substitutes,non-tobacco fillers or non-tobacco extenders are used in the blend orwithin processed tobaccos of the blend. The blend has about 6 percent ofan aqueous casing of sugars, cocoa, licorice, glycerin and flavorsapplied thereto prior to cutting into filler form. About 6 percentDIET-type expanded tobacco filler (which is composed of about 65 percentexpanded flue-cured shredded lamina and 35 percent expanded burleyshredded lamina), then is added to the cut tobacco blend prior toprepare the final cut filler blend. The moisture content of the tobaccocut filler blend of the inner rod is about 12 percent to about 13percent. The resulting smokable material of the inner rod weighs about150 mg. The packing density of the material within the inner smokablerod is about 120 mg/cm³.

The inner rod is positioned within an outer rod. The inner rod iscentrally positioned within the outer rod so that the smokable materialof the outer rod completely circumscribes the entire length of the innerrod at a radial depth of about 1.5 mm.

The wrapping material of the inner rod is a 27 mm wide cigarette paperwrapper. The paper wrapper is composed of wood pulp and calciumcarbonate. The paper wrapping material has a dry basis weight of about25 g/m², a porosity of about 38 CORESTA units, and is available asTercig LK38 from Tervakoski. The wrapping material and a conventionaltype of side seam adhesive are used to manufacture an outer wrappingmaterial having the shape of a tube possessing a circumference of about25 mm.

The material that is disposed inside of the outer wrapping material andencircling the inner rod is a blend of tobaccos in cut filler form.About 50 parts of that outer blend is composed of cut filler producedfrom a cast sheet type of reconstituted tobacco incorporating arelatively high level of glycerin. About 50 parts of the blend iscomposed of an “American blend” of tobacco cut filler incorporatingvarious additives. Each of the cut filler materials are shreddedmaterials that are cut into pieces at about 28 cuts per inch.

The cast sheet material is provided by forming an aqueous slurry ofabout 6 parts guar gum, about 60.7 parts glycerin, about 27 parts of apaper-type reconstituted tobacco manufactured from water extractedburley tobacco (and hence possessing essentially no water solubleextract portion), about 3.6 parts diammonium phosphate, and about 2.7parts of finely milled particles of burley tobacco lamina. The slurry ismixed and is cast as a sheet, and heat is applied to dry the cast slurryto a moisture content of about 12 to about 13 percent. During casting ofthe slurry, a top load of finely divided particles of burley tobaccolamina is applied to the sheet, such that the final sheet incorporatesabout 90 parts of the slurry components and about 10 parts of the milledburley tobacco lamina, on a dry weight basis. That resulting cast sheetmaterial is of the type used as an aerosol generating substrate in the“Eclipse” brand cigarette that is commercially marketed by R. J.Reynolds Tobacco Company. The cast sheet material is treated withpotassium citrate. That is, a solution of about 50 percent potassiumcitrate dissolved in about 50 percent water is applied to the tobacco byspraying. The treated tobacco then is dried to a moisture content ofabout 12 percent to about 13 percent. The amount of potassium citratewithin that treated cast sheet material is about 8 percent, based on thedry weight of the tobacco within that material.

The remaining portion of the blend that provides the outer portion ofthe concentric rod includes about 8.5 percent burley tobacco lamina,about 17 percent flue-cured tobacco lamina, about 10.5 percentpaper-type reconstituted tobacco material, and about 8 percent Orientaltobacco. The blend has about 3 percent of an aqueous casing of sugars,cocoa, licorice, glycerin and flavors applied thereto prior to cuttinginto filler form. The portion of the blend that includes burley,flue-cured, Oriental and reconstituted tobacco material is treated withpotassium citrate, in the manner described previously with reference tothe treatment of the cast sheet material. The treated tobacco then isdried to a moisture content of about 12 percent to about 13 percent.Then, the final portion of that blend is provided by mixing the 97percent of the tobacco blend treated so as to be in intimate contactwith potassium citrate with about 3 percent DIET-type expanded tobaccofiller (which is composed of about 65 percent expanded flue-curedshredded lamina and 35 percent expanded burley tobacco shredded lamina).The amount of potassium citrate within that treated tobacco blend isabout 8 percent, based on the dry weight of the tobacco within thatblend.

The treated smokable material blend of the outer portion of the smokablerod weighs about 890 mg. The packing density of the cut filler blendwithin the outer portion of the smokable rod is about 500 mg/cm³. Thefiller material that is used to manufacture the outer portion of thesmokable rod is composed of virtually all tobacco of some form. Thepredominant amount of the filler material used to manufacture the outerportion of the smokable rod is treated with a burn suppressing agent(i.e., the exogenous salt); and a portion of the physical blend of thatmaterial is composed of a material that consists predominantly oftobacco and aerosol forming material.

The filter element is manufactured using conventional cigarette filtermaking technology from cellulose acetate tow (2.7 denier per filament,35,000 total denier) plasticized using triacetin, and circumscribingnon-air permeable paper plug wrap. The smokable rod and filter elementare aligned in an abutting, end-to-end relationship and secured togetherusing a non-air permeable tipping paper. The tipping paper is adhesivelysecured to the filter element and the adjacent portion of the smokablerod. The tipping material circumscribes the length of the filter elementat about 4 mm of the length of the smokable rod.

Cigarettes prior to providing the cavity for the inner rod so describedare manufactured using a Pilot Cigarette Maker from Hauni-Werke Korber &Co. KG. A ring of laser perforations is provided around the periphery ofthe cigarette about 13 mm from the extreme mouth end thereof. Theperforations penetrate through the tipping paper and plug wrap, and areprovided using a Laboratory Laser Perforator from Hauni-Werke Korber &Co. KG. Each perforated cigarette is about 24 percent air diluted.

When smoked, the cigarette yields visible mainstream aerosol thatresembles the mainstream tobacco smoke of traditional cigarettes thatburn tobacco cut filler. The mainstream aerosol produced by thecigarette includes tobacco smoke produced by burning tobacco, componentsresulting from the thermal decomposition of the treated tobacco, andvolatilized aerosol forming material. The cigarette generates tobaccosmoke sensations, taste and quality that are comparable to that oftraditional cigarettes that burn tobacco cut filler. The cigarette doesnot generate any perceptible amount of the undesirable thermaldecomposition products characteristic of the thermal decomposition ofglycerin. The smokable rod of the cigarette burns down, in a mannersimilar to a traditional type of cigarette that burns tobacco cutfiller. The smoker can smoke the cigarette until for a desired number ofpuffs, but the smoker typically extinguishes the cigarette when thefirecone of the burning smokable rod approaches the region occupied bythe tipping paper. The cigarette produces an ash that is similar incertain regards to other traditional types of cigarettes that burntobacco cut filler, although the color of the ash is slightly darkerthan the light gray ash characteristic of those traditional types ofcigarettes.

EXAMPLE 2

A cigarette of the general type described previously with reference toFIG. 1 is provided. The cigarette has a total length of about 84 mm. Thecigarette possesses a smokable rod having a length of about 57 mm and afilter element having a length of about 27 mm. When viewed end on, thecigarette has a generally circular cross-sectional shape. Thecircumference of the smokable rod is about 25 mm.

The inner rod having a generally cylindrical shape is produced bywrapping a filler material within a wrapping material. The wrappingmaterial circumscribes the filler material such that the wrappingmaterial and filler material each extend along the total length of therod. The wrapping material provides the outer longitudinal surface ofthe inner rod, and each end is open to expose the filler material withinthat rod. The rod has a length of about 57 mm and a circumference ofabout 14 mm.

The wrapping material of the inner rod is a 17 mm wide cigarette paperwrapper of the type described in Example 1.

The filler material of the inner rod is a cast sheet material composedof tobacco and glycerin, and is of the type described previously inExample 1. The filler material has a moisture content of about 12 toabout 13 percent. The amount of that material that is positioned in thewrapping material of the inner rod weighs about 180 mg. The packingdensity of the material within the inner rod is about 130 mg/cm³.

The packing density of the cut filler blend within the outer portion ofthe smokable rod is about 500 mg/cm³. The filler material that is usedto manufacture the outer portion of the smokable rod is composed ofvirtually all tobacco of some form. The predominant amount of the fillermaterial used to manufacture the outer portion of the smokable rod istreated with a burn suppressing agent (i.e., the exogenous salt); and aportion of the physical blend of that material is composed of a materialthat consists predominantly of tobacco and aerosol forming material.

The smokable material that is disposed in the region between the outerwrapping material and the inner rod is a blend of various tobaccos. Theblend contains about 17 percent burley tobacco lamina, about 34 percentflue-cured tobacco lamina, about 21 percent reconstituted tobaccomaterial manufactured using the paper-type reconstitution processemployed by R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company and known as “G-7,” and about16 percent Oriental tobacco. The blend is composed of virtually alltobacco, and no tobacco substitutes, non-tobacco fillers or non-tobaccoextenders are used in the blend or within processed tobaccos of theblend. The blend has about 6 percent of an aqueous casing of sugars,cocoa, licorice, glycerin and flavors applied thereto prior to cuttinginto filler form. The burley, flue-cured, reconstituted tobacco materialand Oriental portion of the blend is treated with potassium citrate.That is a solution of about 50 percent potassium citrate dissolved inabout 50 percent water is applied to the tobacco by spraying. Thetreated tobacco then is dried to a moisture content of about 12 percentto about 13 percent. The amount of potassium citrate within the treatedblend is about 10 percent, based on the dry weight of all of the tobaccowithin the final blend. Then, the final blend is provided by mixing the94 percent of the tobacco blend treated so as to be in intimate contactwith potassium citrate with about 6 percent DIET-type expanded tobaccofiller (which is composed of about 65 percent expanded flue-curedshredded lamina and 35 percent expanded burley tobacco shredded lamina).The moisture content of the tobacco cut filler blend of the outerportion of the rod is about 12 percent to about 13 percent. Theresulting treated smokable material of the outer section of the smokablerod weighs about 700 mg. The packing density of the smokable materialwithin the outer portion of the smokable rod is about 400 mg/cm³.

The inner rod is positioned within an outer rod. The inner rod iscentrally positioned within the outer rod so that the smokable materialof the outer rod completely circumscribes the entire length of the innerrod at a radial depth of about 1.5 mm.

The wrapping material of the inner rod is a 27 mm wide cigarette paperwrapper of the type described in Example 1.

The filter element is manufactured using conventional cigarette filtermaking technology from cellulose acetate tow (2.7 denier per filament,35,000 total denier) plasticized using triacetin, and circumscribingnon-air permeable paper plug wrap. The concentric smokable rod andfilter element are aligned in an abutting, end-to-end relationship andsecured together using a non-air permeable tipping paper. The tippingpaper is adhesively secured to the filter element and the adjacentportion of the smokable rod. The tipping material circumscribes thelength of the filter element at about 4 mm of the length of the smokablerod.

Cigarettes so described prior to providing the cavity for the inner rodare manufactured using a Pilot Cigarette Maker from Hauni-Werke Korber &Co. KG. A ring of laser perforations are provided around the peripheryof the cigarette about 13 mm from the extreme mouth end thereof. Theperforations penetrate through the tipping paper and plug wrap, and areprovided using a Laboratory Laser Perforator from Hauni-Werke Korber &Co. KG. Each perforated cigarette is about 24 percent air diluted.

When smoked, the cigarette yields visible mainstream aerosol thatresembles the mainstream tobacco smoke of traditional cigarettes thatburn tobacco cut filler. The mainstream aerosol produced by thecigarette includes tobacco smoke produced by burning tobacco, componentsresulting from the thermal decomposition of the treated tobacco, andaerosol forming material. The cigarette generates a tobacco smokesensations, taste and quality that are comparable to that of traditionalcigarettes that burn tobacco cut filler. The cigarette does not generateany perceptible amount of the undesirable thermal decomposition productscharacteristic of the thermal decomposition of glycerin. The smokablerod of the cigarette burns down, in a manner similar to a traditionaltype of cigarette that burns tobacco cut filler. The smoker can smokethe cigarette until for a desired number of puffs, but the smokertypically extinguishes the cigarette when the firecone of the burningsmokable rod approaches the region occupied by the tipping paper. Thecigarette produces an ash that is similar to other traditional types ofcigarettes that burn tobacco cut filler, although the color of the ashis slightly darker than the light gray ash characteristic of thosetraditional types of cigarettes.

EXAMPLE 3

A cigarette of the general type described previously with reference toFIG. 2 is provided. The cigarette has a total length of about 84 mm. Thecigarette possesses a smokable rod having a length of about 57 mm and afilter element having a length of about 27 mm. When viewed end on, thecigarette has a generally circular cross-sectional shape. Thecircumference of the smokable rod is about 25 mm. The cigarette isproduced using the same outer blend and cigarette paper outer wrapperdescribed previously in Example 1. However, except the longitudinallyextending cavity produced for the tobacco of the inner core is about 50mm in depth. As such, there is provided a cylindrical segment of fillermaterial extending about 7 mm along the length of that rod. Thecylindrical segment of filler material is positioned adjacent to thefilter element.

The inner smokable material is a reconstituted tobacco materialmanufactured using the paper-type reconstitution process employed by R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company and known as “G-7.” The tobacco is in usedin cut filler form. No wrapping material is positioned between the innerand outer sections of the smokable rod. The weight of the inner cutfiller smoking material is about 180 mg. Care is taken to avoidcommingling of the materials of the inner and outer sections. As such,an inner core of smokable material and an outer circumscribing regionfor that core region is provided.

The material that is disposed inside of the outer wrapping material andforms the annulus encircling the inner rod, as well as the cylindricalsegment located at the mouth end of the smokable rod, is a blend oftobaccos in cut filler form. That blend is virtually identical to theblend of smokable material described previously in Example 1 as beingthe smokable material that is disposed in the region between the outerwrapping material and the inner rod. The amount of that blend used toprovide the outer segment that encircles the inner core, and that isused to provide the cylindrical segment, weighs about 890 mg. Thepacking density of the smokable material within the outer annularportion of the smokable rod is about 500 mg/cm³, and the packing densityof the cylindrical segment is about 350 mg/cm³.

The filter element is of the type described in Example 1. The filterelement is attached to the rod in the manner described in Example 1.

Cigarettes so described prior to providing the cavity for the inner rodare manufactured using a Pilot Cigarette Maker from Hauni-Werke Korber &Co. KG. A ring of laser perforations are provided around the peripheryof the cigarette about 13 mm from the extreme mouth end thereof. Theperforations penetrate through the tipping paper and plug wrap, and areprovided using a Laboratory Laser Perforator from Hauni-Werke Korber &Co. KG. The perforated cigarette is about 24 percent air diluted.

The cigarette is smoked under FTC smoking conditions. The cigaretteyields about 12 puffs. The cigarette yields about 16.2 mg wet totalparticulate matter. The cigarette yields about 12 mg “tar,” about 0.5 mgnicotine, and about 17.3 mg carbon monoxide. About 3.7 mg of the wettotal particulate matter consists of water. About 33 percent of the“tar” consists of glycerin. Thus, greater than about 45 percent of thewet total particulate matter of that cigarette consists of glycerin andwater. Thus, the mainstream aerosol generated by that cigarettepossesses a significant amount of components that that are chemicallysimple.

EXAMPLE 4

A cigarette of the general type described previously with reference toFIG. 3 is provided. The cigarette has a total length of about 84 mm. Thecigarette possesses a smokable rod having a length of about 57 mm and afilter element having a length of about 27 mm. When viewed end on, thecigarette has a generally circular cross-sectional shape. Thecircumference of the smokable rod is about 25 mm. The smokable rodpossesses the same outer wrapping material as is used for manufacturingthe smokable rod described in Example 1. However, the cavity producedfor the smokable material of the inner core is about 50 mm in depthallowing for a cylindrical segment of tobacco filter of about 7 mm inlength to be present adjacent to the filter element.

The filler material of the inner rod is a cast sheet material composedof tobacco and glycerin, and is of the type described previously inExample 1. The filler material has a moisture content of about 12 toabout 13 percent. The amount of that material that is positioned in thewrapping material of the inner rod weighs about 180 mg. The packingdensity of the material within the inner rod is about 130 mg/cm³.

The material that is disposed inside of the outer wrapping material andforms the annulus encircling the inner rod, as well as the cylindricalsegment located at the mouth end of the smokable rod, is a blend oftobaccos in cut filler form. That blend is virtually identical to theblend of smokable material described previously in Example 2 as beingthe smokable material that is disposed in the region between the outerwrapping material and the inner rod. The amount of that blend used toprovide the outer segment that encircles the inner core, and that isused to provide the cylindrical segment, weighs about 890 mg. Thepacking density of the smokable material within the outer annularportion of the smokable rod is about 500 mg/cm³, and the packing densityof the cylindrical segment is about 350 mg/cm³.

The filter element is of the type described in Example 1. The filterelement is attached to the rod in the manner described in Example 1.

Cigarettes so described prior to providing the cavity for the inner rodare manufactured using a Pilot Cigarette Maker from Hauni-Werke Korber &Co. KG. A ring of laser perforations is provided around the periphery ofthe cigarette about 13 mm from the extreme mouth end thereof. Theperforations penetrate through the tipping paper and plug wrap, and areprovided using a Laboratory Laser Perforator from Hauni-Werke Korber &Co. KG. The perforated cigarette is about 24 percent air diluted.

The cigarette is smoked under FTC smoking conditions. The cigaretteyields about 11.6 puffs. The cigarette yields about 15.8 mg wet totalparticulate matter. The cigarette yields about 12.3 mg “tar,” about 0.62mg nicotine, and about 15.7 mg carbon monoxide. About 2.9 mg of the wettotal particulate matter consists of water. About 34 percent of the“tar” consists of glycerin. Thus, greater than about 40 percent of thewet total particulate matter of that cigarette consists of glycerin andwater. Thus, the mainstream aerosol generated by that cigarette

EXAMPLE 5

A cigarette of the general type described previously with reference toFIG. 3 is provided. The cigarette has a total length of about 84 mm. Thecigarette possesses a smokable rod having a length of about 57 mm and afilter element having a length of about 27 mm. When viewed end on, thecigarette has a generally circular cross-sectional shape. Thecircumference of the smokable rod is about 25 mm. The smokable rodpossesses the same outer wrapping material as is used for manufacturingthe smokable rod described in Example 1. However, the cavity producedfor the smokable material of the inner core is about 50 mm in depthallowing for a cylindrical segment of tobacco filter of about 7 mm inlength to be present adjacent to the filter element.

The smokable material of the inner rod is a cast sheet material composedof tobacco and glycerin, and is of the type described previously inExample 1. However, that material is not provided in cut filler form. Arectangular sheet of the material, weighing about 160 mg, and havingdimensions of about 25 mm by about 50 mm, is rolled to produce acylinder having a length of about 50 mm and a diameter of about 14 mm.The sheet is rolled so that when the cylinder is viewed end-on, theconfiguration of the rolled sheet resembles a spiral. The fillermaterial has a moisture content of about 12 to about 13 percent.

The material that is disposed inside of the outer wrapping material andforms the annulus encircling the inner rod, as well as the cylindricalsegment located at the mouth end of the smokable rod, is a blend oftobaccos in cut filler form. That blend is virtually identical to theblend of smokable material described previously in Example 2 as beingthe smokable material that is disposed in the region between the outerwrapping material and the inner rod. The amount of that blend used toprovide the outer segment that encircles the inner core, and that isused to provide the cylindrical segment, weighs about 890 mg. Thepacking density of the smokable material within the outer annularportion of the smokable rod is about 500 mg/cm³, and the packing densityof the cylindrical segment is about 350 mg/cm³.

The filter element is of the type described in Example 1. The filterelement is attached to the rod in the manner described in Example 1.

Cigarettes so described prior to providing the cavity for the inner rodare manufactured using a Pilot Cigarette Maker from Hauni-Werke Korber &Co. KG. A ring of laser perforations is provided around the periphery ofthe cigarette about 13 mm from the extreme mouth end thereof. Theperforations penetrate through the tipping paper and plug wrap, and areprovided using a Laboratory Laser Perforator from Hauni-Werke Korber &Co. KG. The perforated cigarette is about 24 percent air diluted.

EXAMPLE 6

A cigarette of the general type described previously with reference toFIG. 4 is provided. The cigarette has a total length of about 84 mm. Thecigarette possesses a smokable rod having a length of about 57 mm and afilter element having a length of about 27 mm. When viewed end on, thecigarette has a generally circular cross-sectional shape. Thecircumference of the smokable rod is about 25 mm. The smokable rodpossesses a single smokable blend, and that blend is employed to provideone blended filler component of essentially consistent composition overthe entire region within the outer wrapping material. The outer wrappingmaterial is of the type described previously in Example 1. The singlesmokable blend is virtually identical to that blend of the outer sheathof the co-axial smokable rod described previously in Example 1. Theblended smokable material is packed within the rod at a packing densityof about 290 mg/cm³.

The filter element is virtually identical to the type of filter elementdescribed in Example 1; and the filter element is attached to thesmokable rod using tipping material, in the manner described inExample 1. As such, the tipping material circumscribes the length of thefilter element at about 4 mm of the length of the smokable rod.

Cigarettes so described are manufactured using a Pilot Cigarette Makerfrom Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. KG. A ring of laser perforations isprovided around the periphery of the cigarette about 13 mm from theextreme mouth end thereof. The perforations penetrate through thetipping paper and plug wrap, and are provided using a Laboratory LaserPerforator from Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. KG. The perforated cigarette isabout 22 percent air diluted.

The cigarette is smoked under FTC smoking conditions. The cigaretteyields about 10.4 puffs, and about 15.4 mg wet total particulate matter.The cigarette yields about 11.2 mg “tar,” about 0.45 mg nicotine, andabout 12 mg carbon monoxide. About 3.7 mg of the wet total particulatematter consists of water. About 43.7 percent of the “tar” consists ofglycerin. Thus, greater than about 50 percent of the wet totalparticulate matter of that cigarette consists of glycerin and water.Thus, the mainstream aerosol generated by that cigarette possesses asignificant amount of components that that are chemically simple.

When smoked, the cigarette yields visible mainstream aerosol thatresembles the mainstream tobacco smoke of traditional cigarettes thatburn tobacco cut filler. The mainstream aerosol produced by thecigarette includes tobacco smoke produced by burning tobacco, componentsresulting from the thermal decomposition of the treated tobacco, andaerosol forming material. The cigarette generates tobacco smokesensations, taste and quality that are comparable to that of traditionalcigarettes that burn tobacco cut filler. The cigarette produces amainstream smoke that can be characterized as being smooth, not beingharsh and exhibiting pleasant mouthfeel. The cigarette does not generateany perceptible amount of the undesirable thermal decomposition productscharacteristic of the thermal decomposition of glycerin. The smokablerod of the cigarette is consumed, in a manner similar to the manner thata traditional type of cigarette that burns tobacco cut filler. Thesmoker can smoke the cigarette until for a desired number of puffs, butthe smoker typically extinguishes the cigarette when the firecone of theburning smokable rod approaches the region occupied by the tippingpaper. The cigarette produces an ash that in certain regards resemblesthe ash of other traditional types of cigarettes that burn tobacco cutfiller, although the color of the ash is slightly darker than the lightgray ash characteristic of those traditional types of cigarettes.

1. A smokable rod for a cigarette comprising: (a) a lighting end and amouth end; (b) a longitudinally extending core portion incorporating asmokable material composed predominantly of tobacco; (c) alongitudinally extending outer portion circumscribing the core portionin an annular manner, the outer portion (i) being physically separatefrom the core portion, (ii) incorporating tobacco material in intimatecontact with a burn suppressing agent, and (iii) being composedpredominantly of tobacco material and aerosol forming material; and (d)an outer wrapping material circumscribing the outer portion.
 2. The rodof claim 1 further comprising a wrapping material for the core portion,said wrapping material physically separating the core portion from theouter portion.
 3. The rod of claim 1 or 2 having a mouth end pieceattached to the mouth end thereof.
 4. The rod of claim 1 having acylindrical shape, the rod having a longitudinally extending outersurface, the outer wrapping material providing the longitudinallyextending outer surface, and the lighting end and mouth end each beingopen to expose the core and outer portions.
 5. The rod of claim 1further comprising a wrapping material for the core portion, saidwrapping material physically separating the core portion from the outerportion longitudinally along the rod, the lighting end and mouth endeach being open to expose the core and outer portions.
 6. The rod ofclaim 4 or 5 having a mouth end piece attached to the mouth end thereof.7. The rod of claim 1, 2, 4 or 5 wherein the aerosol forming materialincludes glycerin.
 8. The rod of claim 1, 2, 4 or 5 wherein the outerwrapping material is composed of paper.
 9. The rod of claim 2 or 5wherein the wrapping material for the core portion is composed of paper.10. The rod of claim 1, 2, 4 or 5 wherein the outer wrapping materialexhibits an inherent porosity of at least about 15 CORESTA units. 11.The rod of claim 2 or 5 wherein the wrapping material for the coreportion exhibits an inherent porosity of more than about 100 CORESTAunits.
 12. The rod of claim 1 or 2 wherein essentially all of thesmokable tobacco material is composed of tobacco in cut filler form. 13.The rod of claim 1 or 2 wherein essentially all of the smokable tobaccomaterial is composed of tobacco laminae, processed tobacco, or a blendthereof.
 14. The rod of claim 12 wherein at least a portion of thetobacco is cased and/or top dressed.
 15. The rod of claim 13 wherein atleast a portion of the smokable tobacco material is cased and/or topdressed.
 16. The rod of claim 13 wherein the processed tobacco iscomposed of essentially all tobacco.
 17. The rod of claim 1 or 2 whereinthe tobacco material of the outer portion is composed of essentially alltobacco.
 18. The rod of claim 17 wherein the tobacco material of theouter portion is in intimate contact with at least one salt exogenous tothat tobacco material.
 19. The rod of claim 1 or 2 wherein the tobaccomaterial of the outer portion is in intimate contact with at least onesalt exogenous to that tobacco material.
 20. The rod of claim 1 or 2wherein the tobacco material of the outer portion is a substrate for theaerosol forming material.
 21. The rod of claim 19 wherein the exogenoussalt includes an alkali metal salt of a carboxylic acid.
 22. The rod ofclaim 1 wherein more than 60 percent by weight of outer portion iscomposed of tobacco material and aerosol forming material.
 23. The rodof claim 1 or 2 wherein, upon use, the core portion is burned from thelighting end toward the mouth end, and a majority of the outer portionundergoes smolder.
 24. The rod of claim 1 or 2 wherein the outer portionincorporates processed tobacco, and the processed tobacco is absent ofexogenous inorganic filler material.
 25. The rod of claim 1 or 2 whereinthe outer portion incorporates processed tobacco, the processed tobaccobeing absent of exogenous inorganic filler material, and the processedtobacco being composed of more than 90 percent by weight of tobacco,aerosol forming material, exogenous salt and binder.
 26. The rod ofclaim 25 wherein the aerosol forming material includes glycerin and thebinder includes an alginate or guar gum.
 27. A smokable rod for acigarette comprising: (a) a lighting end and a mouth end; (b) alongitudinally extending outer portion circumscribing a core portion inan annular manner, the outer portion being composed predominantly oftobacco; (c) a longitudinally extending core portion incorporating asmokable material, the core portion (i) being physically separate fromthe outer portion, (ii) incorporating tobacco material in intimatecontact with a burn suppressing agent, and (iii) being composedpredominantly of tobacco material and aerosol forming material; (d) theouter portion being physically separate from the core portion; and (e)an outer wrapping material circumscribing the outer portion.
 28. The rodof claim 27 further comprising a wrapping material for the core portion,said wrapping material physically separating the core portion from theouter portion.
 29. The rod of claim 27 or 28 having a mouth end pieceattached to the mouth end thereof.
 30. The rod of claim 27 having acylindrical shape, the rod having a longitudinally extending outersurface, the outer wrapping material providing the longitudinallyextending outer surface, and the lighting end and mouth end each beingopen to expose the core and outer portions.
 31. The rod of claim 27further comprising a wrapping material for the core portion, saidwrapping material physically separating the core portion from the outerportion longitudinally along the rod, the lighting end and mouth endeach being open to expose the core and outer portions.
 32. The rod ofclaim 30 or 31 having a mouth end piece attached to the mouth endthereof.
 33. The rod of claim 27, 28 or 30 wherein the aerosol formingmaterial includes glycerin.
 34. The rod of claim 27, 28 or 30 whereinthe outer wrapping material is composed of paper.
 35. The rod of claim27 wherein the wrapping material for the core portion is composed ofpaper.
 36. The rod of claim 27 or 28 wherein the outer wrapping materialexhibits an inherent porosity of at least about 15 CORESTA units. 37.The rod of claim 27 or 28 wherein the wrapping material for the coreportion exhibits an inherent porosity of more than about 100 CORESTAunits.
 38. The rod of claim 27 or 28 wherein essentially all of thesmokable tobacco material is composed of tobacco in cut filler form. 39.The rod of claim 27 or 28 wherein essentially all of the smokabletobacco material is composed of tobacco laminae, processed tobacco, or ablend thereof.
 40. The rod of claim 39 wherein at least a portion of thesmokable tobacco material is cased and/or top dressed.
 41. The rod ofclaim 39 wherein the processed tobacco is composed of essentially alltobacco.
 42. The rod of claim 27 or 28 wherein the tobacco material ofthe inner core portion is composed of essentially all tobacco.
 43. Therod of claim 27 or 28 wherein the tobacco material of the inner coreportion is in intimate contact with at least one salt exogenous to thattobacco material.
 44. The rod of claim 43 wherein the exogenous saltincludes an alkali metal salt of a carboxylic acid.
 45. The rod of claim27 wherein more than 60 percent by weight of inner core portion iscomposed of tobacco material and aerosol forming material.
 46. The rodof claim 27 or 28 wherein, upon use, the outer portion is burned fromthe lighting end toward the mouth end, and a majority of the outerportion undergoes smolder.
 47. The rod of claim 27 or 28 wherein theinner core portion incorporates processed tobacco, and the processedtobacco is absent of exogenous inorganic filler material.
 48. The rod ofclaim 27 or 28 wherein the inner core portion incorporates processedtobacco, the processed tobacco being absent of exogenous inorganicfiller material, and the processed tobacco being composed of more than90 percent by weight of tobacco, aerosol forming material, exogenoussalt and binder.
 49. The rod of claim 48 wherein the aerosol formingmaterial includes glycerin and the binder includes an alginate or guargum.
 50. A smokable rod for a cigarette comprising: (a) a lighting endand a mouth end; (b) an inner portion incorporating a smokable materialcomposed predominantly of tobacco and aerosol forming material; theaerosol forming material in intimate contact with a processed tobaccomaterial that is processed such that at least a portion of a solventsoluble portion of the tobacco material is removed therefrom and suchthat the processed tobacco material is a substrate for the aerosolforming material; the smokable material being in intimate contact with aburn suppressing agent; and (c) an outer wrapping materialcircumscribing the inner portion.
 51. The rod of claim 50 having acylindrical shape, the rod having a longitudinally extending outersurface, the outer wrapping material providing the longitudinallyextending outer surface, and the lighting end and mouth end each beingopen to expose the inner portion.
 52. The rod of claim 51 having a mouthend piece attached to the mouth end thereof.
 53. The rod of claim 50wherein the aerosol forming material includes glycerin.
 54. The rod ofclaim 51 wherein the outer wrapping material is composed of paper. 55.The rod of claim 51 wherein the outer wrapping material exhibits aninherent porosity of at least about 15 CORESTA units.
 56. The rod ofclaim 50 wherein essentially all of the smokable tobacco material iscomposed of tobacco in cut filler form.
 57. The rod of claim 50 whereinessentially all of the smokable tobacco material is composed of tobaccolaminae, processed tobacco, or a blend thereof.
 58. The rod of claim 57wherein at least a portion of the tobacco material is cased and/or topdressed.
 59. The rod of claim 57 wherein the processed tobacco iscomposed of essentially all tobacco.
 60. The rod of claim 57 wherein theaerosol forming material is present within the smokable rod in an amountof at least about 5 percent, based on the dry weight of the tobaccomaterial and aerosol forming material within the smokable rod.
 61. Therod of claim 57 wherein the aerosol forming material is present withinthe smokable rod in an amount of at least about 10 percent, based on thedry weight of the tobacco material and aerosol forming material withinthe smokable rod.
 62. The rod of claim 57 wherein the aerosol formingmaterial is present within the smokable rod in an amount of at leastabout 15 percent, based on the dry weight of the tobacco material andaerosol forming material within the smokable rod.
 63. The rod of claim57 wherein the aerosol forming material is present within the smokablerod in an amount of at least about 20 percent, based on the dry weightof the tobacco material and aerosol forming material within the smokablerod.
 64. The rod of claim 57 further including aerosol forming materialthat has been applied to at least a portion of the smokable material inthe form of a spray.
 65. The rod of claim 57 wherein a portion of thesmokable material further includes a material composed primarily ofaerosol forming material.
 66. A smokable rod for a cigarette comprising:(a) a lighting end and a mouth end; (b) smokable material composedprimarily of tobacco material and aerosol forming material; (c) at leasta portion of the tobacco material acting as a substrate for the aerosolforming material; (d) at least a portion of the tobacco material beingin intimate contact with a burn suppressing agent; and (e) a wrappingmaterial circumscribing the smokable material, the wrapping materialhaving an inherent porosity of at least about 15 CORESTA units.
 67. Therod of claim 66 having a cylindrical shape, the rod having alongitudinally extending outer surface, the outer wrapping materialproviding the longitudinally extending outer surface, and the lightingend and mouth end each being open to expose the inner portion.
 68. Therod of claim 66 having a mouth end piece attached to the mouth endthereof.
 69. The rod of claim 66 wherein the aerosol forming materialincludes glycerin.
 70. The rod of claim 66 wherein the outer wrappingmaterial is composed of paper.
 71. The rod of claim 66 wherein the outerwrapping material exhibits an inherent porosity of at least about 20CORESTA units.
 72. The rod of claim 66 wherein essentially all of thesmokable tobacco material is composed of tobacco in cut filler form. 73.The rod of claim 66 wherein essentially all of the smokable tobaccomaterial is composed of tobacco laminae, processed tobacco, or a blendthereof.
 74. The rod of claim 73 wherein at least a portion of thetobacco material is cased and/or top dressed.
 75. The rod of claim 74wherein the processed tobacco is composed of essentially all tobacco.76. The rod of claim 66 wherein the aerosol forming material is presentwithin the smokable rod in an amount of at least about 5 percent, basedon the dry weight of the tobacco material and aerosol forming materialwithin the smokable rod.
 77. The rod of claim 66 wherein the aerosolforming material is present within the smokable rod in an amount of atleast about 10 percent, based on the dry weight of the tobacco materialand aerosol forming material within the smokable rod.
 78. The rod ofclaim 66 wherein the aerosol forming material is present within thesmokable rod in an amount of at least about 15 percent, based on the dryweight of the tobacco material and aerosol forming material within thesmokable rod.
 79. A smokable rod for a cigarette comprising: (a) alighting end and a mouth end; (b) an inner portion incorporating asmokable material composed predominantly of tobacco and aerosol formingmaterial; at least a portion of the smokable material being in intimatecontact with the aerosol forming material; and at least a portion of thesmokable material being in intimate contact with a burn suppressingagent; and (c) an outer wrapping material circumscribing the innerportion.
 80. The rod of claim 79 having a cylindrical shape, the rodhaving a longitudinally extending outer surface, the outer wrappingmaterial providing the longitudinally extending outer surface, and thelighting end and mouth end each being open to expose the inner portion.81. The rod of claim 79 having a mouth end piece attached to the mouthend thereof.
 82. The rod of claim 79 wherein the aerosol formingmaterial includes glycerin.
 83. The rod of claim 79 wherein the outerwrapping material is composed of paper.
 84. The rod of claim 79 whereinthe outer wrapping material exhibits an inherent porosity of at leastabout 20 CORESTA units.
 85. The rod of claim 79 wherein essentially allof the smokable tobacco material is composed of tobacco in cut fillerform.
 86. The rod of claim 79 wherein essentially all of the smokabletobacco material is composed of tobacco laminae, processed tobacco, or ablend thereof.
 87. The rod of claim 86 wherein at least a portion of thetobacco material is cased and/or top dressed.
 88. The rod of claim 87wherein the processed tobacco is composed of essentially all tobacco.89. The rod of claim 79 wherein the aerosol forming material is presentwithin the smokable rod in an amount of at least about 5 percent, basedon the dry weight of the tobacco material and aerosol forming materialwithin the smokable rod.
 90. The rod of claim 79 wherein the aerosolforming material is present within the smokable rod in an amount of atleast about 10 percent, based on the dry weight of the tobacco materialand aerosol forming material within the smokable rod.
 91. The rod ofclaim 79 wherein the aerosol forming material is present within thesmokable rod in an amount of at least about 15 percent, based on the dryweight of the tobacco material and aerosol forming material within thesmokable rod.